Al-Maaida 5:52

"So you see those in whose hearts is disease [i.e., hypocrisy] hastening into [association with] them, saying, "We are afraid a misfortune may strike us." But perhaps Allāh will bring conquest or a decision from Him, and they will become, over what they have been concealing within themselves, regretful."

The Prohibition of Taking the Jews, Christians and Enemies of Islamas Friends

Allah forbids His believing servants from having Jews and Christians as friends, because they are the enemies of Islam and its people, may Allah curse them. Allah then states that they are friends of each other and He gives a warning threat to those who do this,

وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِّنكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ

(And if any among you befriends them, then surely he is one of them.) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Umar ordered Abu Musa Al-Ash`ari to send him on one sheet of balance the count of what he took in and what he spent. Abu Musa then had a Christian scribe, and he was able to comply with `Umar's demand. `Umar liked what he saw and exclaimed, "This scribe is proficient. Would you read in the Masjid a letter that came to us from Ash-Sham" Abu Musa said, `He cannot." `Umar said, "Is he not pure" Abu Musa said, "No, but he is Christian." Abu Musa said, "So `Umar admonished me and poked my thigh (with his finger), saying, `Drive him out (from Al-Madinah).' He then recited,

يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ

(O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as friends...)" Then he reported that `Abdullah bin `Utbah said, "Let one of you beware that he might be a Jew or a Christian, while unaware." The narrator of this statement said, "We thought that he was referring to the Ayah,

يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ

(O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as friends, )" Allah said,

فَتَرَى الَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ

(And you see those in whose hearts there is a disease...) A disease of doubt, hesitation and hypocrisy.

يُسَـرِعُونَ فِيهِمْ

(they hurry to their friendship,) meaning, they rush to offer them their friendship and allegiances in secret and in public,

يَقُولُونَ نَخْشَى أَن تُصِيبَنَا دَآئِرَةٌ

(saying: "We fear lest some misfortune of a disaster may befall us.") They thus offer this excuse for their friendship and allegiances to the disbelievers, saying that they fear that the disbelievers might defeat the Muslims, so they want to be in favor with the Jews and Christians, to use this favor for their benefit in that eventuality! Allah replied,

فَعَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَأْتِىَ بِالْفَتْحِ

(Perhaps Allah may bring a victory...) referring to the conquering of Makkah, according to As-Suddi.

أَوْ أَمْرٍ مِّنْ عِندِهِ

(or a decision according to His will) requiring the Jews and Christians to pay the Jizyah, as As-Suddi stated,

فَيُصْبِحُواْ

(Then they will become) meaning, the hypocrites who gave their friendship to the Jews and Christians, will become,

عَلَى مَآ أَسَرُّواْ فِى أَنفُسِهِمْ

(for what they have been keeping as a secret in themselves) of allegiances,

نَـدِمِينَ

(regretful,) for their friendship with the Jews and Christians which did not benefit them or protect them from any harm. Rather, it was nothing but harm, as Allah exposed their true reality to His faithful servants in this life, although they tried to conceal it. When the signs that exposed their hypocrisy were compiled against them, their matter became clear to Allah's faithful servants. So the believers were amazed at these hypocrites who pretended to be believers, swearing to their faithfulness, yet their claims were all lies and deceit. This is why Allah said, s

وَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ أَهُـؤُلاءِ الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمُواْ بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَـنِهِمْ إِنَّهُمْ لَمَعَكُمْ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَـلُهُمْ فَأَصْبَحُواْ خَـسِرِينَ

(And those who believe will say, "Are these the men who swore their strongest oaths by Allah that they were with you" All that they did has been in vain, and they have become the losers.)

После того как Аллах запретил правоверным дружить с людьми Писания, Он сообщил о том, что некоторые из тех, которые называют себя правоверными, заводят с ними теплую дружбу. Так поступают те, чьи сердца поражены недугом сомнения, лицемерия или маловерия. Они говорят: «Мы дружим с ними только потому, что опасаемся, что они могут обрести могущество. Если это произойдет, то они будут благодарны нам за то, что мы помогали им». Эти слова свидетельствуют о том, как плохо они думают об исламе. Всевышний опроверг их дурные предположения и сказал, что Он может одарить мусульман победой, которая принесет могущество исламу, унизит иудеев и христиан и подчинит их мусульманам. Он может сотворить любое другое событие, которое опечалит лицемеров, после которого они потеряют всякую надежду на победу иудеев или других неверующих. Вот тогда они пожалеют о том, что они таили в своих сердцах, поскольку их помыслы навредят им и не принесут никакой пользы. Аллах действительно одарил мусульман победой, которая превознесла ислам и унизила неверие и неверующих. Она заставила их опечалиться и принесла им столько неприятностей, что доподлинно о них известно только Аллаху.

فَتَرَ‌ى الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَ‌ضٌ يُسَارِ‌عُونَ فِيهِمْ يَقُولُونَ نَخْشَىٰ أَن تُصِيبَنَا دَائِرَ‌ةٌ

Now, you see those who have disease in their hearts race to-wards them saying, "We apprehend that some misfortune may overtake us."

It means that after hearing the religiously binding injunction of the abandonment of close friendships, people who have the disease of hypocricy in their hearts started racing towards their disbelieving friends saying that cutting off relationships with these people is dangerous for them.

Answering them, Almighty Allah said:

فَعَسَى اللَّـهُ أَن يَأْتِيَ بِالْفَتْحِ أَوْ أَمْرٍ‌ مِّنْ عِندِهِ فَيُصْبِحُوا عَلَىٰ مَا أَسَرُّ‌وا فِي أَنفُسِهِمْ نَادِمِي

So, it is likely that Allah may bring victory or a command from His own side, whereupon they become regretful over what they concealed in their hearts.

It means that these people are under the impression that the disbelievers and the Jews will overcome Muslims. But, Allah has decided that it will not happen. Rather, close is the conquest of Makkah. Or, even before the conquest of Makkah, Allah may, by exposing the hypocrisy of the hypocrites, put them to disgrace. Then, at that time, these people will regret thoughts they had concealed.

Other English translations

Tafsīr · classical commentary

The Prohibition of Taking the Jews, Christians and Enemies of Islamas Friends