Medinan · Surah 9 of 114

At-Tawba 9:83

The Repentance · ayah 83 of 129

فَإِن رَّجَعَكَ ٱللَّهُ إِلَىٰ طَآئِفَةٍۢ مِّنْهُمْ فَٱسْتَـْٔذَنُوكَ لِلْخُرُوجِ فَقُل لَّن تَخْرُجُوا۟ مَعِىَ أَبَدًۭا وَلَن تُقَٰتِلُوا۟ مَعِىَ عَدُوًّا ۖ إِنَّكُمْ رَضِيتُم بِٱلْقُعُودِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍۢ فَٱقْعُدُوا۟ مَعَ ٱلْخَٰلِفِينَ

Fa-in rajaAAaka Allahu ila ta-ifatinminhum fasta/thanooka lilkhurooji faqul lantakhrujoo maAAiya abadan walan tuqatiloo maAAiya AAaduwwaninnakum radeetum bilquAAoodi awwala marratin faqAAudoomaAAa alkhalifeen

"If Allāh should return you to a faction of them [after the expedition] and then they ask your permission to go out [to battle], say, "You will not go out with me, ever, and you will never fight with me an enemy. Indeed, you were satisfied with sitting [at home] the first time, so sit [now] with those who stay behind.""

Saheeh International translation

Recitation by Mishary Alafasy

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Other English translations

Abdel Haleem (Oxford)+

"So [Prophet], if God brings you back to a group of them, who ask you for permission to go out [to battle], say, ‘You will never go out and fight an enemy with me: you chose to sit at home the first time, so remain with those who stay behind now.’"

Pickthall (classic)+

"If Allah bring thee back (from the campaign) unto a party of them and they ask of thee leave to go out (to fight), then say unto them: Ye shall never more go out with me nor fight with me against a foe. Ye were content with sitting still the first time. So sit still, with the useless."

Yusuf Ali (classic)+

"If, then, Allah bring thee back to any of them, and they ask thy permission to come out (with thee), say: "Never shall ye come out with me, nor fight an enemy with me: for ye preferred to sit inactive on the first occasion: Then sit ye (now) with those who lag behind.""

Tafsīr · classical commentary

Ibn Kathir

Abridged English, public domain

Hypocrites are barred from participating in Jihad

Allah commands His Messenger, peace be upon him,

فَإِن رَّجَعَكَ اللَّهُ

(If Allah brings you back), from this battle,

إِلَى طَآئِفَةٍ مِّنْهُمْ

(to a party of them) in reference to the twelve (hypocrite) men, according to Qatadah,

فَاسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِلْخُرُوجِ

(and they ask your permission to go out), with you to another battle,

فَقُلْ لَّن تَخْرُجُواْ مَعِىَ أَبَدًا وَلَن تُقَـتِلُواْ مَعِىَ عَدُوًّا

(say: "Never shall you go out with me nor fight an enemy with me...") as an admonishment and punishment for them. Allah mentioned the reason for this decision,

إِنَّكُمْ رَضِيتُمْ بِالْقُعُودِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ

("You were pleased to sit (inactive) on the first occasion...") Allah said in a similar Ayah,

وَنُقَلِّبُ أَفْئِدَتَهُمْ وَأَبْصَـرَهُمْ كَمَا لَمْ يُؤْمِنُواْ بِهِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ

(And We shall turn their hearts and their eyes away (from guidance), as they refused to believe therein for the first time. ) 6:110 The recompense of an evil deed includes being directed to follow it with another evil deed, while the reward of a good deed includes being directed to another good deed after it. For instance, Allah said concerning the `Umrah of Hudaybiyyah,

سَيَقُولُ الْمُخَلَّفُونَ إِذَا انطَلَقْتُمْ إِلَى مَغَانِمَ لِتَأْخُذُوهَا

(Those who lagged behind will say, when you set forth to take the spoils.)48:15 Allah said next,

فَاقْعُدُواْ مَعَ الْخَـلِفِينَ

("...then you sit (now) with those who lag behind.") in reference to the men who lagged behind from Tabuk battle, according to Ibn `Abbas.

Tafsir Saʿdi

English translation, public domain

О Мухаммад! Если Аллах позволит тебе вернуться к тем, кто остался сидеть дома без уважительной причины и не сожалел о содеянном, то знай, что они захотят принять участие в последующих сражениях, которые покажутся им легкими. И когда они попросят тебя об этом, то скажи: «Вы никогда не отправитесь со мной в военный поход и никогда не будете сражаться вместе со мной. Аллах не нуждается в вас. Вы были рады остаться дома, когда вас призвали сразиться с врагами в первый раз. И посему вам придется всегда оставаться с теми, кто не принимает участие в джихаде». В похожем откровении Всевышний сказал: «Мы отворачиваем их сердца и умы, поскольку они не уверовали в него в первый раз» (6:110). И если человек отказался от выполнения религиозного предписания, когда ему представилась такая возможность, то Аллах не помогает ему выполнять это предписание впоследствии, и многие обстоятельства мешают ему сделать это. Такое обращение с лицемерами было наказанием для них, потому что всем мусульманам стало известно, что Аллах запретил им принимать участие в джихаде из-за того, что они ослушались Его в первый раз. Для лицемеров это было позором и наказанием, а для остальных людей - предостережением от совершения подобных поступков.

Maʿārif al-Qur'ān

Mufti Shafi Usmani, English

The statement: لَّن تَخْرُ‌جُوا (Ian takhruju ... you shall never march) in the second verse (83) has been explained by Maulana Ashraf ` Ali Thanavi (رح) in the summary of his Tafsir Bay-an a1-Qur'an. According to him, ` even if these people intend to participate in a future Jihad, they would get out of it when they want to, under one or the other pretext; and since they do not have faith in their heart, their intention too will not be backed by sincerity. Therefore, the Holy Prophet ﷺ was commanded that, even if they want to take part in a Jihad, he should tell them the truth that he does not trust their word and deed. So, they would neither go for Jihad nor fight an enemy of Islam in his company.'

Most of the commentators have said that this injunction has been enforced as their punishment in the present world, that is, even if they themselves were to make a request that they be allowed to take part in Jihad, even then, they should not be allowed to do that.

Tafsīr sourced from quran.com's open API. These are classical commentaries; for personal rulings consult a qualified scholar.

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