Al-Anbiyaa 21:36

"And when those who disbelieve see you, [O Muḥammad], they take you not except in ridicule, [saying], "Is this the one who mentions [i.e., insults] your gods?" And they are, at the mention of the Most Merciful, disbelievers."

How the Idolators mocked the Prophet Allah tells His Prophet ...

وَإِذَا رَآكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ

(And when those who disbelieved see you,) meaning, the disbelievers of the Quraysh, such as Abu Jahl and his like.

إِن يَتَّخِذُونَكَ إِلاَّ هُزُواً

(they take you not except for mockery) means, they make fun of you and insult you, saying,

أَهَـذَا الَّذِى يَذْكُرُ آلِهَتَكُمْ

("Is this the one who talks about your gods") meaning, is this the one who insults your gods and ridicules your intelligence Allah says:

وَهُمْ بِذِكْرِ الرَّحْمَـنِ هُمْ كَـفِرُونَ

(While they disbelieve at the mention of the Most Gracious.) meaning, they disbelieve in Allah and yet they mock the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. As Allah says:

وَإِذَا رَأَوْكَ إِن يَتَّخِذُونَكَ إِلاَّ هُزُواً أَهَـذَا الَّذِى بَعَثَ اللَّهُ رَسُولاً - إِن كَادَ لَيُضِلُّنَا عَنْ ءَالِهَتِنَا لَوْلاَ أَن صَبْرَنَا عَلَيْهَا وَسَوْفَ يَعْلَمُونَ حِينَ يَرَوْنَ الْعَذَابَ مَنْ أَضَلُّ سَبِيلاً

(And when they see you, they treat you only in mockery (saying): "Is this the one whom Allah has sent as a Messenger He would have nearly misled us from our gods, had it not been that we were patient and constant in their worship!" And they will know, when they see the torment, who it is that is most astray from the path!) 25:41-42

خُلِقَ الإنْسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ

(Man is created of haste.) This is like the Ayah:

وَكَانَ الإِنْسَـنُ عَجُولاً

(and man is ever hasty) 17:11, in all matters. The reason why the haste of man is mentioned here is that when mention is made of those who mock the Messenger , (the believers) will want to avenge them swiftly, and that so should happen sooner. Allah says,

خُلِقَ الإنْسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ

(Man is created of haste.) because He delays (the punishment) until a time when, once He seizes him, He will never let him go. He delays it, then He hastens it; He waits, then He does not delay any longer. So He says:

سَأُوْرِيكُمْ ءَايَـتِى

(I will show you My Ayat) meaning, My vengeance, ruling and power over those who disobey Me.

فَلاَ تَسْتَعْجِلُونِ

(So ask Me not to hasten (them).)

Это откровение свидетельствует о неистовом безбожии многобожников. Стоило им завидеть посланника Аллаха, как они начинали насмехаться над ним и говорить: «Этот жалкий человек осмеливается оскорблять и унижать наших богов. Но вам не следует обращать на него внимания!» Они смеялись над Пророком Мухаммадом, но высмеивали в нем только прекрасные качества. Воистину, он был самым выдающимся и самым совершенным человеком, и одним из его достоинств и замечательных качеств было искреннее поклонение одному Аллаху и изобличение беспомощности и несовершенства всех остальных богов, которым поклоняются наряду с Ним. Но это не мешало неверующим и безбожникам насмехаться и глумиться над ним. Они поступали так, потому что одновременно обладали всеми самыми порочными качествами. Но даже если бы из всех этих качеств им было присуще только неверие в Господа и отрицание Его посланников, то этого было бы достаточно для того, чтобы они назывались самыми ничтожными из Божьих тварей. Будучи таковыми, они отказываются поминать Милосердного. А ведь, поминая Аллаха, человек оказывается в самом возвышенном состоянии. Однако неверующие не делают этого, потому что они не веруют в Милосердного. А если и веруют, то все равно приобщают к Нему сотоварищей. И поэтому их слова поминания являются проявлением неверия и язычества. Что же тогда говорить обо всех остальных деяниях этих людей? Всевышний не случайно нарек себя в этом откровении Милосердным. Упоминание этого имени отчетливо подчеркивает то, насколько отвратительно положение многобожников. Милосердный Аллах непрестанно одаряет их мирскими благами и оберегает их от несчастий. Любое земное благо и избавление от любого несчастья являются результатом Его божественной милости, на которую многобожники отвечают неблагодарностью и неверием.

What is death?

Allah has said كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذَائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ 'Every soul has to taste death'. Here the word soul refers to the living things of the earth, who must all face death, but does not include the angels. There is a difference of opinion about whether the angels will also die or not on the Day of Judgment. Some say that every living thing will die, though momentarily, irrespective of whether they are of the earth or the skies. But others maintain that angels and hurs and ghilman of Paradise are excluded from this general rule. (Only God knows best) (Ruh ul-Ma` ani) Majority of the scholars believe that death is the departure of soul from the mortal human frame, while soul itself is a subtle ethereal living thing which is made of light and resides in human body just as fragrance resides in the rose. Ibn al-Qayyim has convincingly proved this point in his book. (Ruh ul-Ma` ani)

The term ذَائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ means that every individual will feel the pain of death - 21:35, because considering the manner in which body and soul are conjoined together their separation should obviously entail some pain. There are some saintly persons who regard death as a deliverance from the trials and tribulations of the worldly life and a means of bringing them closer to their Supreme love, that is Allah. This pleasure does not negate the agony of death, because where the reward is high, a little pain is easily tolerated.

Worldly comforts and discomforts are a test

وَنَبْلُوكُم بِالشَّرِّ‌ وَالْخَيْرِ‌ فِتْنَةً

And We test you all through bad and good (situations) with a trial. - 21:35

It means that man is tested both by good things and by bad things. شَر (bad) includes unpleasant things such as illness, grief, pain, poverty etc. while خَیر (good) means desirable things, like good health, happiness, comfort and abundance. Man is subjected to these conditions in this world for test and the test is that he should show patience and endurance in the face of adversity and should offer thanks to Allah when his life is peaceful and comfortable. Wise men have said that, it is more difficult to be steadfast and consistent in offering thanks to Allah for His gifts than to persevere and show patience in difficult circumstances. Sayyidna ` Umar ؓ is reported to have said:

بُلینا بالضّراء فصبرنا و بلینا بالسّراء فلم نصبر (روح المعانی)

"We were tested by discomforts and We bore it with patience, but when we were tested by pleasures, we could not observe patience (i.e. we could not offer gratitude to Allah as was due) ". (Ruh ul-Ma'ani)

Other English translations

Tafsīr · classical commentary

How the Idolators mocked the Prophet Allah tells His Prophet ...