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Medinan · Surah 4 of 114

An-Nisaa 4:102

The Women · ayah 102 of 176

وَإِذَا كُنتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ فَلْتَقُمْ طَآئِفَةٌۭ مِّنْهُم مَّعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُوٓا۟ أَسْلِحَتَهُمْ فَإِذَا سَجَدُوا۟ فَلْيَكُونُوا۟ مِن وَرَآئِكُمْ وَلْتَأْتِ طَآئِفَةٌ أُخْرَىٰ لَمْ يُصَلُّوا۟ فَلْيُصَلُّوا۟ مَعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُوا۟ حِذْرَهُمْ وَأَسْلِحَتَهُمْ ۗ وَدَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لَوْ تَغْفُلُونَ عَنْ أَسْلِحَتِكُمْ وَأَمْتِعَتِكُمْ فَيَمِيلُونَ عَلَيْكُم مَّيْلَةًۭ وَٰحِدَةًۭ ۚ وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِن كَانَ بِكُمْ أَذًۭى مِّن مَّطَرٍ أَوْ كُنتُم مَّرْضَىٰٓ أَن تَضَعُوٓا۟ أَسْلِحَتَكُمْ ۖ وَخُذُوا۟ حِذْرَكُمْ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ أَعَدَّ لِلْكَٰفِرِينَ عَذَابًۭا مُّهِينًۭا

Wa-itha kunta feehim faaqamta lahumuassalata faltaqum ta-ifatun minhummaAAaka walya/khuthoo aslihatahum fa-ithasajadoo falyakoonoo min wara-ikum walta/ti ta-ifatunokhra lam yusalloo falyusalloo maAAakawalya/khuthoo hithrahum waaslihatahumwadda allatheena kafaroo law taghfuloona AAan aslihatikumwaamtiAAatikum fayameeloona AAalaykum maylatan wahidatanwala junaha AAalaykum in kana bikum athanmin matarin aw kuntum marda an tadaAAoo aslihatakumwakhuthoo hithrakum inna AllahaaAAadda lilkafireena AAathaban muheena

"And when you [i.e., the commander of an army] are among them and lead them in prayer, let a group of them stand [in prayer] with you and let them carry their arms. And when they have prostrated, let them be [in position] behind you and have the other group come forward which has not [yet] prayed and let them pray with you, taking precaution and carrying their arms. Those who disbelieve wish that you would neglect your weapons and your baggage so they could come down upon you in one [single] attack. But there is no blame upon you, if you are troubled by rain or are ill, for putting down your arms, but take precaution. Indeed, Allāh has prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment."

Saheeh International translation

Recitation by Mishary Alafasy
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Other English translations

Abdel Haleem (Oxford)+

"When you [Prophet] are with the believers, leading them in prayer, let a group of them stand up in prayer with you, taking their weapons with them, and when they have finished their prostration, let them take up their positions at the back. Then let the other group, who have not yet prayed, pray with you, also on their guard and armed with their weapons: the disbelievers would dearly like you to be heedless of your weapons and baggage, in order for them to take you in a single assault. You will not be blamed if you lay aside your arms when you are overtaken by heavy rain or illness, but be on your guard. Indeed, God has prepared a humiliating punishment for the disbelievers."

Pickthall (classic)+

"And when thou (O Muhammad) art among them and arrangest (their) worship for them, let only a party of them stand with thee (to worship) and let them take their arms. Then when they have performed their prostrations let them fall to the rear and let another party come that hath not worshipped and let them worship with thee, and let them take their precaution and their arms. Those who disbelieve long for you to neglect your arms and your baggage that they may attack you once for all. It is no sin for you to lay aside your arms, if rain impedeth you or ye are sick. But take your precaution. Lo! Allah prepareth for the disbelievers shameful punishment."

Yusuf Ali (classic)+

"When thou (O Messenger) art with them, and standest to lead them in prayer, Let one party of them stand up (in prayer) with thee, Taking their arms with them: When they finish their prostrations, let them Take their position in the rear. And let the other party come up which hath not yet prayed - and let them pray with thee, Taking all precaution, and bearing arms: the Unbelievers wish, if ye were negligent of your arms and your baggage, to assault you in a single rush. But there is no blame on you if ye put away your arms because of the inconvenience of rain or because ye are ill; but take (every) precaution for yourselves. For the Unbelievers Allah hath prepared a humiliating punishment."

Tafsīr · classical commentary

Ibn Kathir

Abridged English, public domain

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The Description of The Fear Prayer

The Fear prayer has different forms, for the enemy is sometimes in the direction of the Qiblah and sometimes in another direction. The Fear prayer consists sometimes of four Rak`ahs, three Rak`ahs, as for Maghrib, and sometimes two Rak`ah like Fajr and prayer during travel. The Fear prayer is sometimes prayed in congregation, but when the battle is raging, congregational prayer may not be possible. In this case, they pray each by himself, facing the Qiblah or otherwise, riding or on foot. In this situation, they are allowed to walk and fight, all the while performing the acts of the prayer. Some scholars said that in the latter case, they pray only one Rak`ah, for Ibn `Abbas narrated, "By the words of your Prophet , Allah has ordained the prayer of four Rak`ah while residing, two Rak`ah during travel, and one Rak`ah during fear." Muslim, Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah recorded it. This is also the view of Ahmad bin Hanbal. Al-Mundhiri said, "This is the saying of `Ata', Jabir, Al-Hasan, Mujahid, Al-Hakam, Qatadah and Hammad; and Tawus and Ad-Dahhak also prefered it." Abu `Asim Al-`Abadi mentioned that Muhammad bin Nasr Al-Marwazi said the Fajr prayer also becomes one Rak`ah during fear. This is also the opinion of Ibn Hazm. Ishaq bin Rahwayh said, "When a battle is raging, one Rak`ah during which you nod your head is sufficient for you. If you are unable, then one prostration is sufficient, because the prostration is remembrance of Allah."

The Reason behind Revealing this Ayah

Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu `Ayyash Az-Zuraqi said, "We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the area of `Usfan (a well known place near Makkah), when the idolators met us under the command of Khalid bin Al-Walid, and they were between us and the Qiblah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ led us in Zuhr prayer, and the idolators said, `They were busy with something during which we had a chance to attack them.' They then said, `Next, there will come a prayer (`Asr) that is dearer to them than their children and themselves.' However, Jibril came down with these Ayat between the prayers of Zuhr and `Asr,

وَإِذَا كُنتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَوةَ

(When you (O Messenger Muhammad ) are among them, and lead them in Salah (prayer)). When the time for prayer came, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded Muslims to hold their weapons and he made us stand in two lines behind him. When he bowed, we all bowed behind him. When he raised his head, we all raised our heads. The Prophet then prostrated with the line that was behind him while the rest stood in guard. When they finished with the prostration and stood up, the rest sat and performed prostration, while those who performed it stood up in guard after the two lines exchanged position. The Prophet then bowed and they all bowed after him, then raised their heads after he raised his head. Then the Prophet performed prostration with the line that was behind him, while the rest stood in guard. When those who made prostration sat, the rest prostrated. The Prophet then performed the Taslim and ended the prayer. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed this prayer twice, once in `Usfan and once in the land of Banu Sulaym."' This is the narration recorded by Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i, and it has an authentic chain of narration and many other texts to support it. Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "Once the Prophet led the Fear prayer and the people stood behind him. He said Allahu-Akbar and the people said the same. He bowed and some of them bowed. Then he prostrated and they also prostrated. Then he stood for the second Rak`ah and those who had prayed the first Rak`ah left and guarded their brothers. The second party joined him and performed bowing and prostration with him. All the people were in prayer, but they were guarding one another during the prayer." Imam Ahmad recorded that Jabir bin `Abdullah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ led them in the Fear prayer. A group of them stood before him and a group behind him. The Prophet led those who were behind him with one Rak`ah and two prostrations. They then moved to the position of those who did not pray, while the others stood in their place, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed one Rak`ah and two prostrations and then said the Salam. Therefore, the Prophet prayed two Rak`ah while they prayed one. An-Nasa'i recorded this Hadith, while Muslim collected other wordings for it. Collectors of the Sahih, Sunan and Musnad collections recorded this in a Hadith from Jabir. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Salim said that his father said,

وَإِذَا كُنتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَوةَ

(When you (O Messenger Muhammad ) are among them, and lead them in Salah (prayer)) refers to the Fear prayer. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ led one group and prayed one Rak`ah, while the second group faced the enemy. Then the second group that faced the enemy came and Allah's Messenger ﷺ led them, praying one Rak`ah, and then said the Salam. Each of the two groups then stood up and prayed one more Rak`ah each (while the other group stood in guard)." The Group collected this Hadith with Ma`mar in its chain of narrators. This Hadith also has many other chains of narration from several Companions, and Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Ibn Marduwyah collected these various narrations, as did Ibn Jarir. As for the command to hold the weapons during the Fear prayer, a group of scholars said that it is obligatory according to the Ayah. What testifies to this is that Allah said;

وَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِن كَانَ بِكُمْ أَذًى مِّن مَّطَرٍ أَوْ كُنتُم مَّرْضَى أَن تَضَعُواْ أَسْلِحَتَكُمْ وَخُذُواْ حِذْرَكُمْ

(But there is no sin on you if you put away your arms because of the inconvenience of rain or because you are ill, but take every precaution for yourselves) meaning, so that when necessary, you will be able to get to your weapons easily,

إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَعَدَّ لِلْكَـفِرِينَ عَذَاباً مُّهِيناً

(Verily, Allah has prepared a humiliating torment for the disbelievers).

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Tafsir Saʿdi

English translation, public domain

+
Всевышний сообщил, что если мусульмане собираются совершить намаз во время опасности, то имам, руководящий намазом, и все остальные молящиеся должны выполнять обязательные предписания молитвы. Затем Аллах разъяснил, каким образом они должны делать это - одна группа молящихся должна встать на намаз вместе с имамом, а другая - обратиться лицом к противнику. В пользу последнего утверждения свидетельствует высказывание о том, что, когда молящиеся совершат земной поклон, остальные мусульмане должны находиться позади них. Под земным поклоном здесь подразумевается доведение намаза до конца. Аллах назвал намаз земным поклоном, чтобы подчеркнуть важность последнего. Это также означает, что земной поклон является столпом намаза. Более того, это - важнейший из столпов намаза. Когда первая группа мусульман завершит намаз, вторая группа, которая еще не молилась и стояла лицом к лицу с неприятелем, должна подойти и совершить намаз вместе с имамом. Из этого следует, что имам не завершает намаз вместе с первой группой молящихся, а дожидается второй группы. Когда же она присоединяется к нему, он совершает вместе с ними оставшуюся часть своего намаза, после чего садится и ждет, когда они завершат свой намаз, а затем произносит слова приветствия (таслим) вместе с ними. Такова одна из форм намаза во время опасности. В достоверных преданиях о Пророке, да благословит его Аллах и приветствует, упоминается много форм таких намазов. Этот аят свидетельствует о том, что групповой намаз обязателен для каждого мусульманина. В пользу этого говорят два обстоятельства. Во-первых, Всевышний Аллах приказал совершать групповой намаз даже в условиях, когда мусульмане опасаются нападения со стороны неприятеля. И если групповой намаз обязателен в таких тяжелых условиях, то в условиях мира и безопасности он тем более обязателен. Во-вторых, совершая намаз во время опасности, молящимся позволяется не выполнять некоторые условия и обязательные требования намаза. Им прощаются многие движения, которые при других обстоятельствах сделали бы намаз недействительным. Все это лишний раз подчеркивает обязательность группового намаза, поскольку между обязательными и желательными предписаниями не возникает противоречий. И если бы групповой намаз не был обязательным, то мусульманам не было бы позволено отказываться от некоторых обязательных требований намаза ради него. Этот аят свидетельствует и о том, что групповой намаз при опасности предпочтительнее совершать с одним имамом, даже если при этом приходится нарушать некоторые правила. Однако разрешается совершать его с несколькими имамами. Это делается для того, чтобы мусульмане были едины и не распадались, а также для того, чтобы вселить страх в сердца их врагов. Всевышний приказал совершать намаз во время опасности с оружием в руках и принимать при этом особые меры предосторожности. И хотя из-за этого молящиеся совершают лишние движения и несколько отвлекаются от молитвы, такое поведение приносит им гораздо больше пользы, поскольку им удается одновременно совершить намаз, не отрываться от джихада и уберечься от неприятеля, который жаждет напасть на них и завладеть их имуществом. Вот почему Всевышний сказал, что неверующим хотелось бы, чтобы мусульмане беспечно отнеслись к своему оружию и своим вещам и чтобы им было достаточно напасть на них всего один раз. Затем Аллах позволил отложить оружие в сторону тем, кто испытывает неудобства от дождя или по причине болезни. Однако это не избавляет их от обязанности принимать меры предосторожности. Всевышний сказал, что на мусульманах не будет греха, если они отложат свое оружие, когда испытывают неудобство от дождя или когда они больны, но при этом они должны быть осторожны. Затем Аллах сообщил о том, что неверующим уготовано унизительное наказание. Оно проявляется уже в том, что Аллах приказал Своим верующим сторонникам и борцам за дело религии, исповедующим единобожие, убивать неверующих и сражаться против них, где бы они ни были, хватать их, окружать их со всех сторон и устраивать для них засады, а также остерегаться их и не относиться к ним беспечно, дабы те не могли претворить в жизнь свои коварные замыслы в отношении мусульман. Аллах заслуживает величайшей похвалы за милость, оказанную правоверным. Он укрепил их и даровал им учение, благодаря которому их знамя никогда не будет повергнуто. Враги никогда не одержат над ними верх, если они будут руководствоваться этим учением должным образом. Из высказывания о том, что группа мусульман должна находиться позади молящихся, когда они будут совершать земной поклон, следует, что молящиеся первыми должны завершить намаз до того, как они отправятся охранять других. Посланник Аллаха, да благословит его Аллах и приветствует, в это время должен был дожидаться второй группы молящихся, чтобы вместе с ними совершить оставшуюся часть своего намаза и произнести слова приветствия (таслим). В пользу этого свидетельствует то, что Аллах повелел первой группе молящихся начать намаз вместе с Посланником, да благословит его Аллах и приветствует, а затем приказал им завершить намаз самостоятельно, не упоминая при этом о Посланнике, да благословит его Аллах и приветствует. А из высказывания о том, что другая группа мусульман должна прийти и совершить намаз вместе с Посланником, да благословит его Аллах и приветствует, следует, что к тому времени первая группа должна уже завершить намаз. Вторая группа должна совершить вместе с имамом всего один ракат, который фактически является для них первым, но засчитывается им как последний, и поэтому имаму полагается подождать, пока они не совершат оставшуюся часть своего намаза, чтобы произнести слова приветствия вместе с ними. Это очевидно каждому, кто размышляет над этим откровением.

Maʿārif al-Qur'ān

Mufti Shafi Usmani, English

+

The concessions given in travel

(In Islamic legal terminology, Safar means journey or travel; Qasr refers to the making of one's Salah short while in that status. Thus, four obligatory Raka’ at of Zuhr, 'Asr and 'Isha are reduced in number and confined to two Raka'at only.)

Rulings:

1. Full Sarah is made in a journey which is less than 48 miles.

2. If, after reaching the destination at the end of the journey, one intends to stay there for less than fifteen days, rules relating to 'journey' will continue to apply to him, that is, the obligatory four Raka'at of Salah will be reduced to half. This is Qasr. Now, if one intends to stay at one place for fifteen days, or more, it will become his place or country of residence. Here too, Qasr will not be observed as it was not observed in his original home country, that is, full Sarah will be performed.

3. Qasr is done in the Fard (obligatory) Salah of Zuhr, 'Asr and 'Isha' only. There is no Qasr in Maghrib and Fajr, nor in Sunnah and Witr prayers.

5. If, there be no fear of possible danger during a journey, Qasr will still be observed in making Sarah.

6. Some people are troubled by apprehensions of sin when making their Sarah short (Qasr) in place of the regular full Sarah. This is not correct because Qasr is also a rule of the Shari'ah following which brings no -sin. On the contrary, it brings reward.

7. Verse 102 mentions a special way of offering Sarah in a state where, due to the fear of enemy, all the Muslims cannot pray in a single congregation. This special way is called 'Salatul-Khawf, the details of which are found in the books of Islamic Fiqh. Verse 102 says: وَإِذَا كُنتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ ; (And when you { O prophet} are among them and arrange for them the Salah). Let this not be construed to mean that the injunction of the Salah of Fear (Salatul-Khawf) is no more imperative because the blessed person of the noble Prophet ﷺ is no more present among us. The reason is that this restriction has been mentioned here in terms of the situation at that particular time, for there can be no sans-excuse Imam of Salah in the presence of the Prophet ﷺ . After him, whoever is the Imam shall be deemed to be standing in his place and he will be the one to lead the Salatul-Khawf. All leading religious authorities agree that the injunction of Salatul-Khawf is operative even after him and has not been abrogated.

8. Just as making Salatul-Khawf is permissible when in fear of hostility from human beings, so it is when one is gripped with the fear of hurt from some beast like a lion or python and there is very little time left to make the Salah.

In this verse (102), mention has been made of both groups making one Raka'ah each, but the method of performing the second Raka'ah has appeared in Hadith which says: 'When the Holy Prophet ﷺ turned for Salim after the completion of his two Raka’ at, the two groups went on to complete their one Raka'ah each on their own'. More details can be seen there.

Tafsīr sourced from quran.com's open API. These are classical commentaries; for personal rulings consult a qualified scholar.

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