Aal-i-Imraan 3:82

"And whoever turned away after that - they were the defiantly disobedient."

Taking a Pledge From the Prophets to Believe in Our Prophet, Muhammad ﷺ

Allah states that He took a pledge from every Prophet whom He sent from Adam until `Isa, that when Allah gives them the Book and the Hikmah, thus acquiring whatever high grades they deserve, then a Messenger came afterwards, they would believe in and support him. Even though Allah has given the Prophets the knowledge and the prophethood, this fact should not make them refrain from following and supporting the Prophet who comes after them. This is why Allah, the Most High, Most Honored, said

وَإِذْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِيثَـقَ النَّبِيِّيْنَ لَمَآ ءَاتَيْتُكُم مِّن كِتَـبٍ وَحِكْمَةٍ

(And (remember) when Allah took the covenant of the Prophets, saying: "Take whatever I gave you from the Book and Hikmah.") meaning, if I give you the Book and the Hikmah,

ثُمَّ جَآءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مُّصَدِّقٌ لِّمَا مَعَكُمْ لَتُؤْمِنُنَّ بِهِ وَلَتَنصُرُنَّهُ قَالَ ءَأَقْرَرْتُمْ وَأَخَذْتُمْ عَلَى ذلِكُمْ إِصْرِى

("and afterwards there will come to you a Messenger confirming what is with you; you must, then, believe in him and help him." Allah said, "Do you agree (to it) and will you take up Isri")

Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ar-Rabi`, Qatadah and As-Suddi said that `Isri' means, "My covenant." Muhammad bin Ishaq said that,

إِصْرِى

(Isri) means, "The responsibility of My covenant that you took," meaning, the ratified pledge that you gave Me.

قَالُواْ أَقْرَرْنَا قَالَ فَاشْهَدُواْ وَأَنَاْ مَعَكُمْ مِّنَ الشَّـهِدِينَفَمَنْ تَوَلَّى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ

(They said: "We agree." He said: "Then bear witness; and I am with you among the witnesses." then whoever turns away after this,") from fulfilling this pledge and covenant, c

فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْفَـسِقُونَ

(they are the rebellious.) `Ali bin Abi Talib and his cousin `Abdullah bin `Abbas said, "Allah never sent a Prophet but after taking his pledge that if Muhammad ﷺ were sent in his lifetime, he would believe in and support him." Allah commanded each Prophet to take a pledge from his nation that if Muhammad were sent in their time, they would believe in and support him. Tawus, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Qatadah said, "Allah took the pledge from the Prophets that they would believe in each other", and this statement does not contradict what `Ali and Ibn `Abbas stated.

Therefore, Muhammad ﷺ is the Final Prophet until the Day of Resurrection. He is the greatest Imam, who if he existed in any time period, deserves to be obeyed, rather than all other Prophets. This is why Muhammad ﷺ led the Prophets in prayer during the night of Isra' when they gathered in Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem). He is the intercessor on the Day of Gathering, when the Lord comes to judge between His servants. This is Al-Maqam Al-Mahmud (the praised station) refer to 17:79 that only Muhammad ﷺ deserves, a responsibility which the mighty Prophets and Messengers will decline to assume. However, Muhammad ﷺ will carry the task of intercession, may Allah's peace and blessings be on him.

Всевышний сообщил о том, что все пророки заключили с Аллахом суровый завет. Ниспослание Писания и мудрости было великой милостью Господа по отношению к ним, и это обязывало их совершенным образом выполнять свои обязанности перед Ним. Согласно этому завету, каждый пророк был обязан уверовать в последующего пророка и оказывать ему поддержку, когда тот явится к людям, чтобы подтвердить правдивость предыдущих посланий и проповедовать среди них единобожие, истину, справедливость и другие важные воззрения, присущие каждому небесному законодательству. Пророки согласились на такие условия и обязались выполнять этот завет, и тогда Аллах призвал их засвидетельствовать его истинность. Кроме того, Аллах Сам засвидетельствовал их согласие и сильно пригрозил каждому, кто осмелится нарушить этот завет. Из этого следует, что все пророки следовали единым путем, проповедовали одну религию и не имели разногласий между собой. Они походили друг на друга и в том, что каждый из них обязался уверовать в Пророка Мухаммада, да благословит его Аллах и приветствует, и оказывать ему поддержку. И если человек называет себя последователем Божьих пророков, то мусульманская вера является той самой религией, исповедовать которую они согласились и обязались по приказу Аллаха. Если же он отказывается следовать путем Пророка Мухаммада, да благословит его Аллах и приветствует, и продолжает называть себя последователем остальных пророков, то он - всего лишь нечестивец, который уклоняется от повиновения Аллаху и фактически отвергает и опровергает пророка, последователем которого он себя называет. Это откровение лишает всех людей Писания и представителей других общин, не верующих в Пророка Мухаммада, да благословит его Аллах и приветствует, возможности оправдаться собственной неосведомленностью. Из него становится ясно, что люди не могут должным образом уверовать в посланников, последователями которых они себя считают, пока не уверуют в Пророка Мухаммада - последнего и самого достойного из посланников, да благословит его Аллах и приветствует.

The infallibility of the Prophets

The verse implies that a person whom Allah invests with the Book, the Wisdom and the power of making decisions, and places him on the great station of prophethood is always faithful to his mission when he communicates the Divine message to people and calls on them to be-come His faithful servants. That he starts moving people away from the worship of only one God and starts asking them to become his own worshippers or the worshippers of some other creatures is something he can never do. If so, this would mean that the one whom Allah had sent as his messenger did not, in fact, deserve this designation. Any government of this world, when appointing someone to an office of responsibility, always takes two factors into consideration:

1. Does the incumbent have the ability to comprehend and execute government policy?

2. How far can he be expected to execute government directives, and to hold its subjects in a stable stance of loyalty? No king or parliament would ever appoint someone as its representative or ambassador about whom there exists the least doubt of indulging in anti-government activity, or deviation from its policy or directives. However, it is possible that the government may have failed to make a correct assessment of a person's ability or loyalty. But with Allah even that element of doubt does not exist. If He knows about a man that he would not over-step the bounds of loyalty and obedience to Him, even in the slightest degree, then it is impossible that he could, later on, prove to be contrary to that assessment. Otherwise, it would mean that Divine knowledge is defective (we seek refuge with Allah! ) Right from here, the question of the ` ismah1 (infallibility) of the prophets, (علیہم السلام) becomes clear. Now that the blessed prophets are free of minor sins, how can the probability of doing shirk (the major sin of associating others with Allah) or making revolt against Allah remain valid?

1.` Ismah' means a special protection given to someone by Allah which makes him refrain from sins. For the purpose of brevity we may translate it as 'infallibility' – editor

In this, there is the necessary refutation of the Christians who claimed that it was Masih (علیہ السلام) who asked them to have belief in his sonship and godhead. Also chastised were the Muslims who had gone to the Holy Prophet . ﷺ trying to find out if it was all right for them to prostrate before him rather than greet him with the usual سلام salam. Also admonished were the people of the Book who had invested their rabbis and monks with the station of God. Refuge with Allah! (Tafsir ` Usmani)

Other English translations

Tafsīr · classical commentary

Taking a Pledge From the Prophets to Believe in Our Prophet, Muhammad ﷺ