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Meccan · Surah 29 of 114

Al-Ankaboot 29:46

The Spider · ayah 46 of 69

۞ وَلَا تُجَٰدِلُوٓا۟ أَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ إِلَّا بِٱلَّتِى هِىَ أَحْسَنُ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا۟ مِنْهُمْ ۖ وَقُولُوٓا۟ ءَامَنَّا بِٱلَّذِىٓ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَأُنزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ وَإِلَٰهُنَا وَإِلَٰهُكُمْ وَٰحِدٌۭ وَنَحْنُ لَهُۥ مُسْلِمُونَ

Wala tujadiloo ahla alkitabiilla billatee hiya ahsanu illa allatheenathalamoo minhum waqooloo amanna billatheeonzila ilayna waonzila ilaykum wa-ilahunawa-ilahukum wahidun wanahnu lahu muslimoon

"And do not argue with the People of the Scripture except in a way that is best, except for those who commit injustice among them, and say, "We believe in that which has been revealed to us and revealed to you. And our God and your God is one; and we are Muslims [in submission] to Him.""

Saheeh International translation

Recitation by Mishary Alafasy
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Other English translations

Abdel Haleem (Oxford)+

"[Believers], argue only in the best way with the People of the Book, except with those of them who act unjustly. Say, ‘We believe in what was revealed to us and in what was revealed to you; our God and your God are one [and the same]; we are devoted to Him.’"

Pickthall (classic)+

"And argue not with the People of the Scripture unless it be in (a way) that is better, save with such of them as do wrong; and say: We believe in that which hath been revealed unto us and revealed unto you; our Allah and your Allah is One, and unto Him we surrender."

Yusuf Ali (classic)+

"And dispute ye not with the People of the Book, except with means better (than mere disputation), unless it be with those of them who inflict wrong (and injury): but say, "We believe in the revelation which has come down to us and in that which came down to you; Our Allah and your Allah is one; and it is to Him we bow (in Islam).""

Tafsīr · classical commentary

Ibn Kathir

Abridged English, public domain

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Arguing with the People of the Book

What is meant here is that anyone who wants to find out about religion from them should argue with them in a manner that is better, as this will be more effective. Allah says:

ادْعُ إِلِى سَبِيلِ رَبِّكَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ وَالْمَوْعِظَةِ الْحَسَنَةِ

(Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and fair preaching...) (16:125) And Allah said to Musa and Harun when he sent them to Fir`awn:

فَقُولاَ لَهُ قَوْلاً لَّيِّناً لَّعَلَّهُ يَتَذَكَّرُ أَوْ يَخْشَى

(And speak to him mildly, perhaps he may accept admonition or fear.) (20:44) Allah says here:

إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ مِنْهُمْ

(except with such of them as do wrong;) meaning, those who turn away from the truth, turning a blind eye to clear evidence, being stubborn and arrogant. In this case you should progress from debate to combat, fighting them in such a way as to deter them from committing aggression against you. Allah says:

لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا بِالْبَيِّنَـتِ وَأَنزَلْنَا مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَـبَ وَالْمِيزَانَ لِيَقُومَ النَّاسُ بِالْقِسْطِ وَأَنزْلْنَا الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ

(Indeed We have sent Our Messengers with clear proofs, and revealed with them the Scripture and the Balance that mankind may keep up justice. And We brought forth iron wherein is mighty power) until: r

إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِىٌّ عَزِيزٌ

(Verily, Allah is All-Strong, All-Mighty) (57:25). Jabir said: "We were commanded to strike with the sword whoever opposes the Book of Allah." And His saying:

وَقُولُواْ ءَامَنَّا بِالَّذِى أُنزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَأُنزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ

(and say (to them): "We believe in that which has been revealed to us and revealed to you;) means, `if they tell you something which you do not know to be true or false, say to them: We do not hasten to say it is a lie, because it may be true, and we do not hasten to say it is true because it may be false. We believe in it in general, under the condition that it has been revealed and has not been altered or deliberately misinterpreted.' Imam Al-Bukhari, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The People of the Book used to read the Tawrah in Hebrew and explain it in Arabic to the Muslims. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:

«لَا تُصَدِّقُوا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ وَلَا تُكَذِّبُوهُمْ، وَقُولُوا: آمَنَّا بِاللهِ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ، وَإِلَهُنَا وَإِلَهُكُمْ وَاحِدٌ، وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُسْلِمُون»

(Do not believe the People of the Book and do not deny them. Say: "We believe in Allah and what has been revealed to us and what has been revealed to you. Our God and your God is One, and to Him we have submitted.")" This Hadith was narrated only by Al-Bukhari. Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Abbas said: "How can you ask the People of the Book about anything, when your Book that was revealed to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is more recent, you read it pure and uncontaminated, it tells you that the People of the Book altered and changed the Book, that they write the Book with their own hands and then say, `This is from Allah,' to purchace with it a small price Should not the knowledge that you have, prevent you from asking them No, by Allah, we have never seen any of them asking you about what was sent down to you." Al-Bukhari recorded that Humayd bin `Abdur-Rahman heard Mu`awiyah talking to a group of Quraysh in Al-Madinah. He mentioned Ka`b Al-Ahbar, and said: "He was one of the most truthful of those who narrated from the People of the Book, even though we found that some of what he said might be lies." I say, this means that some of what he said could be classified linguistically as lies, but he did not intend to lie, because he was narrating from manuscripts which he thought were good, but they contained fabricated material, because they did not have people who were so conscientious in memorizing the Scriptures by heart as the people of this great Ummah.

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Tafsir Saʿdi

English translation, public domain

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Всевышний запретил вступать в спор с людьми Писания, если собеседник является невежественным человеком и если дискуссия ведется непристойным образом. Господь повелел оспаривать истину самым благопристойным образом, проявляя высокие нравственные качества и доброту по отношению к собеседнику. Проповедник должен преподносить истину в самом прекрасном виде и изобличать ложь самыми эффективными способами. Он не должен стремиться опровергнуть собеседника ради того, чтобы оказаться на высоте. Напротив, он должен делать все возможное для того, чтобы донести до людей истину и вывести их на прямой путь. Если проповеднику становится ясно, что люди Писания собираются вступить в дискуссию не ради выявления истины, а в надежде одержать верх над мусульманами и посеять смуту, то он не должен потакать их желаниям, потому что дискуссия с такими людьми не принесет пользы. А это значит, что вступать в подобную дискуссию нет смысла. Если же проповедник найдет возможность донести до людей Писания истину, то ему следует знать, что проповедь среди людей Писания должна основываться на вере в Священные Писания, посланников и единого Бога. Во время дискуссии проповедник не должен выискивать недостатки в предыдущих Священных Писаниях или у предыдущих посланников, как это делают невежды, которые вступают с иноверцами и заблудшими в споры, не допускающие взаимопонимания и согласия. Эти невежды отвергают все хорошее и плохое, что связано с людьми Писания, однако тем самым они сами совершают грех и нарушают нормы поведения во время дискуссий. Мусульманин обязан опровергать ложь, которую исповедует его собеседник, но соглашаться с его правильными воззрениями. Он не имеет права отвергать истину только потому, что ее произносит неверующий. Если проповедник будет вести беседу с людьми Писания надлежащим образом, то его собеседники будут вынуждены согласиться с тем, что Священный Коран является Небесным Писанием, а Мухаммад - Божьим посланником. Они смогут убедиться в этом, если проповедник расскажет им об основах мусульманской веры и других вопросах, в которых сходятся учения всех посланников и все Небесные Писания. Им станет ясно, что мусульманское вероучение совпадает с той истиной, которая сохранилась в предыдущих откровениях. Все Небесные Писания и пречистые посланники окажутся на стороне Священного Корана и Пророка Мухаммада, да благословит его Аллах и приветствует, потому что во все времена пророки и Писания предвозвещали пришествие последнего посланника. Благодаря этому собеседники поймут необходимость признания всех Писаний и всех пророческих миссий, а это является исключительной особенностью мусульманской веры. Если же они станут заявлять о том, что уверовали в одно Писание и могут не признавать другое, то их заявление будет несправедливым и необоснованным. Каждое последующее Писание является истиной, которая подтверждает истинность предыдущего Писания, и поэтому люди, которые отвергают Священный Коран, фактически отвергают Писание, о своей верности которому они разглагольствуют. Если они станут доказывать правдивость пророческой миссии одного из посланников, то тем же самым способом и даже с большим успехом можно обосновать правдивость миссии Пророка Мухаммада, да благословит его Аллах и приветствует. Если же они попытаются опровергнуть его миссию, то окажется, что их сомнительные доводы в еще большей степени относятся к их собственным посланникам. И если они признают безосновательность подобных обвинений в адрес своих посланников, то безосновательность обвинений в адрес Пророка Мухаммада, да благословит его Аллах и приветствует, будет еще более очевидной. Помимо всего сказанного проповедник должен подчеркивать, что он является мусульманином и покорен воле своего Господа. Воистину, если человек уверовал в Аллаха, признал Его своим Богом, уверовал во все Писания и во всех посланников, покорился воле своего Господа и последовал путем святых посланников, то он обрел великое счастье. Если же он отказался от этого пути, то обрек себя на страдания и несчастья.

Maʿārif al-Qur'ān

Mufti Shafi Usmani, English

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Commentary

وَلَا تُجَادِلُوا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا (And do not debate with the people of the Book unless it is in the best way, except those from them who commit injustice. - 29:46). It means that if one has to get involved in a discussion or debate with the people of the book, he should present his arguments in an affable manner. For instance, it is prudent to answer an impudent remark with politeness, the rage with mildness, and uncivilized tumult with dignified speech.

إِلَّا الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا (except those from them who commit injustice - 29:46). But those who wronged you in that they stuck to their stubbornness and obstinacy in return to your dignified gentle speech, they do not deserve this kindness from you. If you give them tit for tat, you are justified, although it is still preferable that they are not replied with rudeness for rudeness, and cruelly for their cruelty. Rather they be treated with courtesy for their rudeness, and with fairness for their unfairness. Some other Qur'anic verses elaborate this advice: وَإِنْ عَاقَبْتُمْ فَعَاقِبُوا بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبْتُم بِهِ وَلَئِن صَبَرْ‌تُمْ لَهُوَ خَيْرٌ‌ لِّلصَّابِرِ‌ينَ (16:126): That is, you are entitled to take revenge of their injustice in equal manner, 'but if you opt for patience, it is definitely much better for those who are patient'.

The advice given in this verse for a polite and dignified treatment in the case of a debate with the people of the book is also accorded in Surah An-Nahl with regard to the pagans. At this place the people of the book are especially identified for the reason given right after this. That is, if they were to ponder, there is a great deal common in the two faiths, which should help them accept Islam. Hence it is said وَقُولُوا آمَنَّا بِالَّذِي أُنزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَأُنزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ (And say: We believe in what is sent down to us and sent down to you - 29:46). It means that the Muslims should tell the people of the book at the time of argument ` we have faith in the revelations sent to us through our Prophet ﷺ ، and also on those revelations which were sent to you through your prophets. Hence, you have no reason for any hostility against us'.

Does this verse endorse the authenticity of Torah and Injil in their present form?

The manner in which this verse endorses the belief of Muslims in Torah and Injil is their general faith in them, as they were revealed in their original form. It means that whatever Allah Ta’ ala had revealed in these books, they had faith in that. It does not mean that they have faith in their altered and distorted form of the text as well. Many of the alterations were made in the books even before the time of the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، and many more were carried out later. This work on amendments has not ceased yet. Muslims have faith only on that part of Torah and Injil that were revealed on Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) and Sayyidna Isa (علیہ السلام) respectively. The altered part of the books is excluded from that.

Torah and Injil in their present form can neither be believed nor rejected altogether

It is recorded in Sahih Al-Bukhari that Sayyidna Abu Hurairah ؓ has reported that the People of the Book used to read Torah and Injil in their original language, Hebrew, but for Muslims they would relate only its translation in Arabic. the Holy Prophet ﷺ instructed the Muslims in this regard that they should neither believe nor reject what they (Jews and Christians) tell them, and instead simply say آمَنَّا بِالَّذِي أُنزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَأُنزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ (We believe in what is sent down to us and sent down to you - 29:46). That is ` We have symbolic faith in that what was revealed on your prophets, but what you are telling us we do not consider it as authentic. Therefore, we abstain from endorsing or rejecting it'.

Tafsīr sourced from quran.com's open API. These are classical commentaries; for personal rulings consult a qualified scholar.

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