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Medinan · Surah 2 of 114

Al-Baqara 2:83

The Cow · ayah 83 of 286

وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَٰقَ بَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ لَا تَعْبُدُونَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهَ وَبِٱلْوَٰلِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًۭا وَذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَٰكِينِ وَقُولُوا۟ لِلنَّاسِ حُسْنًۭا وَأَقِيمُوا۟ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتُوا۟ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلًۭا مِّنكُمْ وَأَنتُم مُّعْرِضُونَ

Wa-ith akhathna meethaqabanee isra-eela la taAAbudoona illa Allahawabilwalidayni ihsanan watheealqurba walyatama walmasakeeniwaqooloo linnasi husnan waaqeemoo assalatawaatoo azzakata thumma tawallaytum illaqaleelan minkum waantum muAAridoon

"And [recall] when We took the covenant from the Children of Israel, [enjoining upon them], "Do not worship except Allāh; and to parents do good and to relatives, orphans, and the needy. And speak to people good [words] and establish prayer and give zakāh." Then you turned away, except a few of you, and you were refusing."

Saheeh International translation

Recitation by Mishary Alafasy
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Other English translations

Abdel Haleem (Oxford)+

"Remember when We took a pledge from the Children of Israel: ‘Worship none but God; be good to your parents and kinsfolk, to orphans and the poor; speak good words to all people; keep up the prayer and pay the prescribed alms.’ Then all but a few of you turned away and paid no heed."

Pickthall (classic)+

"And (remember) when We made a covenant with the Children of Israel, (saying): Worship none save Allah (only), and be good to parents and to kindred and to orphans and the needy, and speak kindly to mankind; and establish worship and pay the poor-due. Then, after that, ye slid back, save a few of you, being averse."

Yusuf Ali (classic)+

"And remember We took a covenant from the Children of Israel (to this effect): Worship none but Allah; treat with kindness your parents and kindred, and orphans and those in need; speak fair to the people; be steadfast in prayer; and practise regular charity. Then did ye turn back, except a few among you, and ye backslide (even now)."

Tafsīr · classical commentary

Ibn Kathir

Abridged English, public domain

+

The Covenant that Allah took from the Children of Israel

Allah reminded the Children of Israel of the commandments that He gave them, and the covenants that He took from them to abide by those commands, and how they intentionally and knowingly turned away from all of that. Allah commanded them to worship Him and to associate none with Him in worship, just as He has commanded all of His creatures, for this is why Allah created them. Allah said,

وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلاَّ نُوحِى إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ أَنَاْ فَاعْبُدُونِ

(And We did not send any Messenger before you (O Muhammad ) but We revealed to him (saying): La ilaha illa Ana none has the right to be worshipped but I (Allah), so worship Me (alone and none else)) (21:25), and,

وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِى كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَّسُولاً أَنِ اعْبُدُواْ اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُواْ الْطَّـغُوتَ

(And verily, We have sent among every Ummah (community, nation) a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah (alone), and avoid the Taghut (all false deities,)) (16:36).

This is the highest and most important right, that is, Allah's right that He be worshipped alone without partners.

After that comes the right of the creatures, foremost, the right of the parents. Allah usually mentions the rights of the parents along with His rights. For instance, Allah said,

أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِى وَلِوَلِدَيْكَ إِلَىَّ الْمَصِيرُ

(Give thanks to Me and to your parents. Unto Me is the final destination) (31:14). Also, Allah said,

وَقَضَى رَبُّكَ أَلاَّ تَعْبُدُواْ إِلاَّ إِيَّـهُ وَبِالْوَلِدَيْنِ إِحْسَـناً

(And your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him. And that you be dutiful to your parents) (17:23), until,

وَءَاتِ ذَا الْقُرْبَى حَقَّهُ وَالْمِسْكِينَ وَابْنَ السَّبِيلِ

(And give to the kinsman his due and to the Miskin (poor) and to the wayfarer) (17:26). The Two Sahihs record that Ibn Mas`ud said,

قُلْتُ:
«يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أيُّ الْعَمَل أَفْضَلُ؟ قَالَ:
«الصَّلَاةُ عَلى وَقْتِهَا»
قُلْتُ: ثُمَّ أَيٌّ؟ قَالَ:
«بِرُّ الْوَالِدَيْن»
قُلْتُ: ثُمَّ أَيٌّ؟ قَالَ:
«الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ الله»

(I said, `O Messenger of Allah! What is the best deed' He said, `Performing the prayer on time.' I said, 'Then what' He said, `Being kind to one's parents.' I said, `Then what' He said, `Jihad in the cause of Allah.')

Allah then said,

وَالْيَتَـمَى

(and to orphans) meaning, the young who have no fathers to fend for them.

وَالْمَسَـكِينُ

(and Al-Masakin (the poor)), plural for Miskin, the one who does not find what he needs to spend on himself and his family. We will discuss these categories when we explain the Ayah of Surat An-Nisa` where Allah said,

وَاعْبُدُواْ اللَّهَ وَلاَ تُشْرِكُواْ بِهِ شَيْئاً وَبِالْوَلِدَيْنِ إِحْسَـناً

(Worship Allah and join none with Him (in worship); and do good to parents) (4:36).

Allah's statement,

وَقُولُواْ لِلنَّاسِ حُسْنًا

(and speak good to people) meaning, say good words to them and be lenient with them, this includes commanding good and forbidding evil. Al-Hasan Al-Basri commented on Allah's statement,

وَقُولُواْ لِلنَّاسِ حُسْنًا

(and speak good to people), ".`The good saying' means commanding good and forbidding evil, and being patient and forgiving. The `good words to people', as Allah commanded, also includes every good type of behavior that Allah is pleased with." Imam Ahmad narrated that Abu Dharr said that the Prophet said,

«لَا تَحْقِرَنَّ مِنَ الْمَعْرُوفِ شَيْئًا وَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدْ فَالْقَ أَخَاكَ بِوَجْهٍ مُنْطَلِق»

(Do not belittle any form of righteousness, and even if you did not find any good deed except meeting your brother with a smiling face, then do so.)

This Hadith was also collected by Muslim in his Sahih and At-Tirmidhi, who graded it Sahih.

Allah commands the servants to say good words to people, after He commanded them to be kind to them, thereby mentioning two categories of manners: good speech and good actions. He then emphasized the command to worship Him and the command to do good, ordaining the prayer and the Zakah,

وَأَقِيمُواْ الصَّلوةَ وَآتُواْ الزَّكَوةَ

(and perform As-Salah and give Zakah). Allah informed us that the People of the Book, except for a few among them, ignored these orders, that is, they knowingly and intentionally abandoned them. Allah ordered this Ummah similarly in Surat An-Nisa' when He said,

وَاعْبُدُواْ اللَّهَ وَلاَ تُشْرِكُواْ بِهِ شَيْئاً وَبِالْوَلِدَيْنِ إِحْسَـناً وَبِذِى الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَـمَى وَالْمَسَـكِينِ وَالْجَارِ ذِى الْقُرْبَى وَالْجَارِ الْجُنُبِ وَالصَّـحِبِ بِالجَنْبِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَـنُكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ مُخْتَالاً فَخُوراً

(Worship Allah and join none with Him (in worship); and do good to parents, kinsfolk, orphans, Al-Masakin (the poor), the neighbor who is near of kin, the neighbor who is a stranger, the companion by your side, the wayfarer (you meet), and those (servants) whom your right hands possess. Verily, Allah does not like such as are proud and boastful) (4:36).

Of these orders, this Ummah has practiced what no other nation before it has, and all praise is due to Allah.

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Tafsir Saʿdi

English translation, public domain

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Израильтяне были настолько жестокосердным народом, что не выполняли веления Аллаха и не принимали истину, пока Он не заключил с ними суровый завет. Заключив завет, Аллах велел им поклоняться одному Аллаху и запретил им приобщать сотоварищей к Нему. Это - основное условие религии, без которого Аллах не принимает ни одного доброго поступка. И это - обязанность всех рабов перед Всевышним Господом. Аллах также повелел им делать добро родителям. Это предписание включает в себя любые слова и поступки, посредством которых человек может угодить им. Оно подразумевает и запрет на ослушание родителей и дурное отношение к ним, поскольку доброе отношение к ним невозможно без отказа от ослушания их. Повеление совершать добрый поступок всегда подразумевает запрет на противоположный поступок. Доброму отношению к родителям противопоставляются сразу два поступка: плохое отношение к ним и отсутствие хорошего отношения, если даже при этом человек не делает им плохого. И хотя оба поступка греховны, первый из них является более тяжким. То же самое можно сказать о добродетели по отношению к родственникам, сиротам и беднякам. Все проявления доброго отношению к людям невозможно исчислить, и каждое из них имеет свои рамки. Затем Всевышний Аллах повелел израильтянам делать добро всем людям и говорить им прекрасные слова. Под ними подразумеваются призыв к одобряемым поступкам и предостережение от предосудительных, обучение полезным знаниям и приветствие миром, теплые беседы и прочие прекрасные слова. Безусловно, человек не может удовлетворить материальные нужды всех людей, и поэтому Аллах ниспослал предписание, руководствуясь которым можно делать добро всем творениям. Именно для этого Аллах велел говорить людям добрые и прекрасные слова. Это подразумевает и запрет на дурное обращение с окружающими, если даже они - неверующие. Всевышний сказал: «Если вступаете в спор с людьми Писания, то ведите его наилучшим образом. Это не относится к тем из них, которые поступают несправедливо» (29:46). Аллах повелел Своим рабам произносить достойные речи и совершать достойные поступки. Правоверный не должен допускать грубых и непристойных слов и поступков, не должен браниться и вступать в бесполезные споры. Напротив, он должен всегда соблюдать нормы приличия и проявлять подобающую ему выдержку, вежливо обращаться с людьми и терпеливо сносить причиняемые ими обиды, исполняя волю Аллаха и надеясь на Его вознаграждение. Затем Всевышний велел совершать намаз и выплачивать закят. Ранее мы уже говорили, что намаз подразумевает искреннее поклонение одному Аллаху, а закят - доброе отношение к Его рабам. Если благоразумный и проницательный человек задумается над этими и предыдущими повелениями, то ему станет ясно, что ниспослание этих предписаний и заключение подобного завета было милостью Аллаха по отношению к израильтянам. Однако они с отвращением отвернулись от этой милости. Человек может отвернуться от предписания с намерением вернуться к нему впоследствии, но израильтяне не имели ни малейшего желания вернуться к исполнению воли Господа. Боже, упаси нас от подобного заблуждения! Только немногие из израильтян не отвернулись от истины. Аллах сообщил об этом для того, чтобы люди ошибочно не предположили, что абсолютно все израильтяне отказались выполнять Его предписания. Этими немногими были те, кого Он уберег от грехов и утвердил на прямом пути.

Maʿārif al-Qur'ān

Mufti Shafi Usmani, English

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This verse speaks of the pledge which Allah had made the Israelites take, and the few people it refers to as having been true to the pledge were those who acted upon the Shari'ah of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) (Moses) as long as it was in force, and when it was abrogated, followed the Shari` ah of Sayyidna Muhammad ﷺ .

Injunctions and related considerations

(1) This verse brings out the basic elements common to Islam and all the earlier Shari` ah: Tauhid توحید (the doctrine of Unity or Oneness); service to one's parents, relations, orphans and the needy; being gentle in speaking to all human beings; Salah نماز and Zakah زکاۃ .

(2) The verse asks us to adopt a gentle tone and an open-hearted manner in speaking to others, whether they are good or evil, pious or impious, orthodox or aberrant, followers of Sunnah or adherents to partitive innovations in it. In religious matter, however, one should not try to hide the truth for the sake of pleasing people or of winning their approval. The Holy Qur'an tells us that when Allah sent Sayyidna Musa and Sayyidna Harun (Moses and Aaron) (علیہم السلام) to the Pharaoh فرعون ، He instructed them to use gentle and soft words (20:42). None of us who addresses another today can be superior to Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) ، nor can the man addressed be viler than the Pharaoh فرعون .

Talha ibn ` Umar recounts that once he said to the great master of the Sciences of Exegesis and Hadith, 'At-a' عطاء ، "One can see around you people who are not quite orthodox in their beliefs. As for me, I am rather short-tempered. If such people come to me, I deal with them harshly." ` Ata' replied, "Do not behave like this," and, reciting the present verse, he added, Allah has commanded us to speak to people politely. When Jews and Christians all are to be treated like this, would this commandment not apply to a Muslim, no matter what kind of a man he is?" (Qurtubi)

Tafsīr sourced from quran.com's open API. These are classical commentaries; for personal rulings consult a qualified scholar.

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