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Medinan · Surah 2 of 114

Al-Baqara 2:253

The Cow · ayah 253 of 286

۞ تِلْكَ ٱلرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍۢ ۘ مِّنْهُم مَّن كَلَّمَ ٱللَّهُ ۖ وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجَٰتٍۢ ۚ وَءَاتَيْنَا عِيسَى ٱبْنَ مَرْيَمَ ٱلْبَيِّنَٰتِ وَأَيَّدْنَٰهُ بِرُوحِ ٱلْقُدُسِ ۗ وَلَوْ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ مَا ٱقْتَتَلَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِنۢ بَعْدِهِم مِّنۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَتْهُمُ ٱلْبَيِّنَٰتُ وَلَٰكِنِ ٱخْتَلَفُوا۟ فَمِنْهُم مَّنْ ءَامَنَ وَمِنْهُم مَّن كَفَرَ ۚ وَلَوْ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ مَا ٱقْتَتَلُوا۟ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ

Tilka arrusulu faddalnabaAAdahum AAala baAAdin minhum man kallamaAllahu warafaAAa baAAdahum darajatin waataynaAAeesa ibna maryama albayyinati waayyadnahubiroohi alqudusi walaw shaa Allahu maiqtatala allatheena min baAAdihim min baAAdi ma jaat-humualbayyinatu walakini ikhtalafoo faminhum man amanawaminhum man kafara walaw shaa Allahu maiqtataloo walakinna Allaha yafAAalu mayureed

"Those messengers - some of them We caused to exceed others. Among them were those to whom Allāh spoke, and He raised some of them in degree. And We gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear proofs, and We supported him with the Pure Spirit [i.e., Gabriel]. If Allāh had willed, those [generations] succeeding them would not have fought each other after the clear proofs had come to them. But they differed, and some of them believed and some of them disbelieved. And if Allāh had willed, they would not have fought each other, but Allāh does what He intends."

Saheeh International translation

Recitation by Mishary Alafasy
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Other English translations

Abdel Haleem (Oxford)+

"We favoured some of these messengers above others. God spoke to some; others He raised in rank; We gave Jesus, son of Mary, Our clear signs and strengthened him with the holy spirit. If God had so willed, their successors would not have fought each other after they had been brought clear signs. But they disagreed: some believed and some disbelieved. If God had so willed, they would not have fought each other, but God does what He will."

Pickthall (classic)+

"Of those messengers, some of whom We have caused to excel others, and of whom there are some unto whom Allah spake, while some of them He exalted (above others) in degree; and We gave Jesus, son of Mary, clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty) and We supported him with the holy Spirit. And if Allah had so wiled it, those who followed after them would not have fought one with another after the clear proofs had come unto them. But they differed, some of them believing and some disbelieving. And if Allah had so willed it, they would not have fought one with another; but Allah doeth what He will."

Yusuf Ali (classic)+

"Those messengers We endowed with gifts, some above others: To one of them Allah spoke; others He raised to degrees (of honour); to Jesus the son of Mary We gave clear (Signs), and strengthened him with the holy spirit. If Allah had so willed, succeeding generations would not have fought among each other, after clear (Signs) had come to them, but they (chose) to wrangle, some believing and others rejecting. If Allah had so willed, they would not have fought each other; but Allah Fulfilleth His plan."

Tafsīr · classical commentary

Ibn Kathir

Abridged English, public domain

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Allah Honored Some Prophets Above Others

Allah states that He has honored some Prophets to others. For instance, Allah said,

وَلَقَدْ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَ النَّبِيِّينَ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَءَاتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُورًا

(And indeed, We have preferred some of the Prophets above others, and to Dawud We gave the Zabur (Psalms)) 17:55.

In the Ayah above, Allah said,

تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ مِّنْهُمْ مَّن كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ

(Those Messengers! We preferred some of them to others; to some of them Allah spoke (directly)) meaning, Musa and Muhammad , and also Adam according to a Hadith recorded in Sahih Ibn Hibban from Abu Dharr.

وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجَـتٍ

(Others He raised to degrees (of honor)) as is evident in the Hadith about the Isra' journey, when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw the Prophets in the various heavens according to their rank with Allah.

If somebody asks about the collective meaning of this Ayah and the Hadith that the Two Sahihs collected from Abu Hurayrah which states, "Once, a Muslim man and a Jew had an argument and the Jew said, `No, by Him Who gave Musa superiority over all human beings!' Hearing him, the Muslim man raised his hand and slapped the Jew on his face and said, `Over Muhammad too, O evil one!' The Jew went to the Prophet and complained to him and the Prophet said,

«لَا تُفَضِّلُونِي عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ يَصْعَقُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَأَكُونُ أَوَّلَ مَنْ يُفِيقُ، فَأَجِدُ مُوسَى بَاطِشًا بِقَائِمَةِ الْعَرْشِ، فَلَا أَدْرِي أَفَاقَ قَبْلِي أَمْ جُوزِيَ بِصَعْقَةِ الطُّورِ؟ فَلَا تُفَضِّلُونِي عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاء»

(Don't give me superiority above the Prophets, for the people will become unconscious on the Day of Resurrection, and I will be the first to be resurrected to see Musa holding on to the pillar of Allah's Throne. I will not know whether the unconsciousness Musa suffered on the Day of the Trumpet sufficed for him, or if he got up before me. So, do not give me superiority above the Prophets.) In another narration, the Prophet said, (Do not give superiority to some Prophets above others.)

The answer to this question is that this Hadith prohibits preferring some Prophets above others in cases of dispute and argument, such as the incident mentioned in the Hadith. The Hadith indicates that it is not up to creation to decide which Prophet is better, for this is Allah's decision. The creation is only required to submit to, obey and believe in Allah's decision.

Allah's statement,

وَءَاتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَـتِ

(And We gave `Isa, the son of Maryam, clear signs) refers to the proofs and unequivocal evidences that testify to the truth that `Isa delivered to the Children of Israel, thus testifying that he was Allah's servant and His Messenger to them.

وَأَيَّدْنَـهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ

(And supported him with Ruh-il-Qudus) meaning Allah aided `Isa with Jibil, peace be upon him. Allah then said,

وَلَوْ شَآءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلَ الَّذِينَ مِن بَعْدِهِم مِّن بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَـتُ وَلَـكِنِ اخْتَلَفُواْ فَمِنْهُمْ مَّنْ ءَامَنَ وَمِنْهُم مَّن كَفَرَ وَلَوْ شَآءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلُواْ

(If Allah had willed, succeeding generations would not have fought against each other, after clear Verses of Allah had come to them, but they differed ـ some of them believed and others disbelieved. If Allah had willed, they would not have fought against one another.) meaning all this happened by Allah's decree, and this is why He said next,

وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ

(But Allah does what He wills.)

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Tafsir Saʿdi

English translation, public domain

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Творец сообщил о том, что одни посланники превосходили других славными качествами и прекрасными особенностями, которыми их одарил Аллах. Они обладали совершенной верой, твердой убежденностью, возвышенной нравственностью, прекрасными манерами, призывали людей к Аллаху, обучали их полезным знаниям и приносили им всестороннюю пользу. Одних из них Аллах сделал Своими возлюбленными, других почтил разговором без посредников, а третьих возвысил над остальными творениями. Божьи посланники достигли таких высот, взойти на которые не удастся остальным людям. Ису, сына Марьям, Аллах отметил особо. Ясные знамения свидетельствовали о том, что он был Божьим рабом и посланником, и подтверждали правдивость всего, что он проповедовал. Аллах позволил ему исцелять слепых и прокаженных, оживлять мертвых и разговаривать с людьми, будучи еще грудным младенцем в колыбели. Аллах также поддержал его Святым Духом, то есть духом веры. Духовность пророка превосходила духовность остальных творений, благодаря чему он ощущал дополнительную поддержку и силу. Безусловно, каждый правоверный ощущает духовную поддержку в зависимости от своей веры, поскольку Всевышний Аллах сказал: «Среди тех, кто верует в Аллаха и в Последний день, ты не найдешь людей, которые любили бы тех, кто враждует с Аллахом и Его посланником, даже если это будут их отцы, сыновья, братья или родственники. Аллах начертал в их сердцах веру и укрепил их духом от Него» (58:22). Однако поддержка, оказанная пророку Исе, превосходила ту поддержку, которую Аллах оказывает остальным правоверным, и поэтому о ней Всевышний упомянул отдельно. Существует мнение, что Святой Дух - это ангел Джибрил, посредством которого Аллах помогал пророку Исе, однако первое толкование является более достоверным. После упоминания о совершенных качествах посланников и дарованных им преимуществах и особенностях Всевышний Аллах сообщил о том, что все они исповедовали одну религию и призывали к одной вере. Это обстоятельство обязывало все народы признать Божьих посланников и подчиниться им совершенным образом, тем более что им были дарованы удивительные знамения, каждого из которых было достаточно, чтобы люди обратились в правую веру. Однако большинство людей предпочли уклониться от прямого пути, и поэтому между народами земли возникли разногласия и противоречия. Одни народы уверовали, а другие предпочли остаться неверующими. Эти разногласия заканчивались войнами, которые только усугубляли существующие противоречия и усиливали взаимную вражду. Но если бы Аллах пожелал, то собрал бы их всех на прямом пути и уберег от разногласий. Если бы Он пожелал, то они не сражались бы друг с другом, даже несмотря на противоречия, которые подталкивали их к войне и кровопролитию. Однако божественная мудрость требовала, чтобы события шли таким чередом и зависели от человеческих поступков. Этот аят является величайшим свидетельством того, что Всевышний Аллах властен над любыми причинами. Он может сохранить эти причины действующими, но может и помешать им влиять на развитие событий. Все это происходит по Его желанию и в полном соответствии с божественной мудростью. Он творит, что пожелает, и ничто не может помешать Ему или воспротивиться Его непреложной воле.

Maʿārif al-Qur'ān

Mufti Shafi Usmani, English

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Commentary

1. In Verse 253, beginning with تِلْكَ الرُّ‌سُلُ ('those are the Messenger’), the purpose is to give solace and comfort to the noble Prophet ﷺ since the deniers refused to recognize his prophethood, inspite of the fact that it was conclusively proved, as has been stated in the verse 252: وَإِنَّكَ لَمِنَ الْمُرْ‌سَلِي (And certainly you are among the Messengers.) as well. This situation caused him pain. Therefore, Allah Almighty made him aware of the coming of other prophets too, in varying degrees of station, but universal belief was not witnessed in any of their communities -- some supported while some others opposed. However, this too has its wise considerations which may not necessarily be visible to everyone, but this much is important that one should generally believe that there is definitely a certain wisdom behind this.

2. Since the words تِلْكَ الرُّ‌سُلُ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ (Those are the Messengers some of whom We have given excellence over others) in this verse clearly indicate that some prophets are given higher status than others, we have a difficulty on our hands when we compare this with a hadith, where the Holy Prophet ﷺ has said:

لا تفضلوا بین انبیاء اللہ

Do not seek preference among prophets.

لا تخیرونی علی موسٰی

Do not give me precedence over Musa.

لا اقول ان احدا افضل من یونس بن متی

I cannot say if anyone is better than Yunus ibn Matta.

These ahadith so obviously forbid the giving of preference to some prophets over some other prophets.

The reply is: These ahadith mean to tell us not to give preference to some prophets over some others, without any proof, out of our own opinion. This is because a prophet's having higher status means that he has a high station in the sight of Allah. Obviously, this knowledge cannot be acquired through conjectures and surmises but should such a proof come from the Qur'an and Sunnah, establishing the precedence of some prophets over some others, then it will be necessary to believe in it.

Now, as to his saying: لا اقول ان احدا افضل من یونس بن متی (I cannot say if

anyone is better than Yunus ibn Matta) and لا تخیرونی علی موسٰی (Do not give me precedence over Musa), this is related to the time when he was not given the knowledge that he has precedence over all other prophets. This was disclosed to him later on through revelation and he did tell the noble Companions about it. (Mazhari)

3. As regards the statement' مِّنْهُم مَّن كَلَّمَ اللَّـهُ (Among them there is he whom Allah spoke to), it may be noted that the conversation with Musa (علیہ السلام) may be without an angel as intermediary, but it certainly was not without hijab (obstruction of view). So, there remains no conflict of meaning with what has been stated in the verse: وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ‌ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّـهُ (It belongs not to any mortal that God should speak to him) (42:51), in which conversation without hijab has been negated. However, post-death conversation without hijab is possible, so this verse from Sarah al-Shura relates to the life in this world.

Tafsīr sourced from quran.com's open API. These are classical commentaries; for personal rulings consult a qualified scholar.

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