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Medinan · Surah 22 of 114

Al-Hajj 22:40

The Pilgrimage · ayah 40 of 78

ٱلَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا۟ مِن دِيَٰرِهِم بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ إِلَّآ أَن يَقُولُوا۟ رَبُّنَا ٱللَّهُ ۗ وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ ٱللَّهِ ٱلنَّاسَ بَعْضَهُم بِبَعْضٍۢ لَّهُدِّمَتْ صَوَٰمِعُ وَبِيَعٌۭ وَصَلَوَٰتٌۭ وَمَسَٰجِدُ يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا ٱسْمُ ٱللَّهِ كَثِيرًۭا ۗ وَلَيَنصُرَنَّ ٱللَّهُ مَن يَنصُرُهُۥٓ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَقَوِىٌّ عَزِيزٌ

Allatheena okhrijoo min diyarihimbighayri haqqin illa an yaqooloo rabbuna Allahuwalawla dafAAu Allahi annasa baAAdahumbibaAAdin lahuddimat sawamiAAu wabiyaAAun wasalawatunwamasajidu yuthkaru feeha ismu Allahikatheeran walayansuranna Allahu man yansuruhuinna Allaha laqawiyyun AAazeez

"[They are] those who have been evicted from their homes without right - only because they say, "Our Lord is Allāh." And were it not that Allāh checks the people, some by means of others, there would have been demolished monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques in which the name of Allāh is much mentioned [i.e., praised]. And Allāh will surely support those who support Him [i.e., His cause]. Indeed, Allāh is Powerful and Exalted in Might."

Saheeh International translation

Recitation by Mishary Alafasy
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Other English translations

Abdel Haleem (Oxford)+

"those who have been driven unjustly from their homes only for saying, ‘Our Lord is God.’ If God did not repel some people by means of others, many monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques, where God’s name is much invoked, would have been destroyed. God is sure to help those who help His cause- God is strong and mighty-"

Pickthall (classic)+

"Those who have been driven from their homes unjustly only because they said: Our Lord is Allah - For had it not been for Allah's repelling some men by means of others, cloisters and churches and oratories and mosques, wherein the name of Allah is oft mentioned, would assuredly have been pulled down. Verily Allah helpeth one who helpeth Him. Lo! Allah is Strong, Almighty -"

Yusuf Ali (classic)+

"(They are) those who have been expelled from their homes in defiance of right,- (for no cause) except that they say, "our Lord is Allah". Did not Allah check one set of people by means of another, there would surely have been pulled down monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques, in which the name of Allah is commemorated in abundant measure. Allah will certainly aid those who aid his (cause);- for verily Allah is full of Strength, Exalted in Might, (able to enforce His Will)."

Tafsīr · classical commentary

Ibn Kathir

Abridged English, public domain

+

Permission to fight; this is the first Ayah of Jihad

Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "This was revealed about Muhammad ﷺ and his Companions, when they were expelled from Makkah." Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak and others among the Salaf, such as Ibn `Abbas, `Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, Zayd bin Aslam, Muqatil bin Hayan, Qatadah and others said, "This is the first Ayah which was revealed about Jihad." Ibn Jarir recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "When the Prophet was driven out of Makkah, Abu Bakr said, `They have their Prophet. Truly, to Allah we belong and truly, to Him we shall return; surely they are doomed."' Ibn `Abbas said, "Then Allah revealed the words:

أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقَـتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُواْ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ

(Permission (to fight) is given to those (believers) fought against, because they have been wronged; and surely, Allah is able to give them victory.)" Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "Then I knew that there would be fighting." Imam Ahmad added: "Ibn `Abbas said, `This was the first Ayah to be revealed concerning fighting."' This was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i in the Book of Tafsir of their Sunans. At-Tirmidhi said: "It is a Hasan Hadith."

وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ

(and surely, Allah is able to give them victory.) means, He is able to grant victory to His believing servants without any fighting taking place, but He wants His servants to strive their utmost in obeying Him, as He says:

فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فَضَرْبَ الرِّقَابِ حَتَّى إِذَآ أَثْخَنتُمُوهُمْ فَشُدُّواْ الْوَثَاقَ فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَآءً حَتَّى تَضَعَ الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا ذَلِكَ وَلَوْ يَشَآءُ اللَّهُ لاَنْتَصَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَلَـكِن لِّيَبْلُوَ بَعْضَكُمْ بِبَعْضٍ وَالَّذِينَ قُتِلُواْ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَلَن يُضِلَّ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ - سَيَهْدِيهِمْ وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَهُمْ - وَيُدْخِلُهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ عَرَّفَهَا لَهُمْ

(So, when you meet those who disbelieve, strike necks till when you have killed and wounded many of them, then bind a bond firmly. Thereafter either for generosity, or ransom, until war lays down its burden. Thus, but if it had been Allah's will, He Himself could certainly have punished them. But (He lets you fight) in order to test some of you with others. But those who are killed in the way of Allah, He will never let their deeds be lost. He will guide them and set right their state. And admit them to Paradise which He has made known to them.) 47:4-6

قَـتِلُوهُمْ يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ وَيُخْزِهِمْ وَيَنْصُرْكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَشْفِ صُدُورَ قَوْمٍ مُّؤْمِنِينَ - وَيُذْهِبْ غَيْظَ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَيَتُوبُ اللَّهُ عَلَى مَن يَشَآءُ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ

(Fight against them so that Allah will punish them by your hands, and disgrace them, and give you victory over them, and heal the breasts of a believing people, and remove the anger of their (believers') hearts. Allah accepts the repentance of whom He wills. Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.) 9:14-15

وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُمْ حَتَّى نَعْلَمَ الْمُجَـهِدِينَ مِنكُمْ وَالصَّـبِرِينَ وَنَبْلُوَ أَخْبَـرَكُمْ

(And surely, We shall try you till We test those who strive hard and the patient, and We shall test your facts.) 47:31. And there are many similar Ayat. Ibn `Abbas commented on the Ayah,

وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ

(and surely, Allah is able to give them (believers) victory.) "And this is what He did." Allah prescribed Jihad at an appropriate time, because when they were in Makkah, the idolators outnumbered them by more than ten to one. Were they to engage in fighting at that time, the results would have been disastrous. When the idolators went to extremes to persecute Muslims, to expel the Prophet and resolving to kill him; when they sent his Companions into exile here and there, so that some went to Ethiopia and others went to Al-Madinah; when they settled in Al-Madinah and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ joined them there, and they gathered around him and lent him their support, and they had a place where Islam prevailed, and a stronghold to which they could retreat; then Allah prescribed Jihad against the enemy, and this was the first Ayah to be revealed for it. Allah said:

أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقَـتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُواْ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُواْ مِن دِيَـرِهِم بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ

(Permission (to fight) is given to those fought against, because they have been wronged; and surely, Allah is able to give them victory. Those who have been expelled from their homes unjustly) Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said; "They were driven out of Makkah to Al-Madinah unjustly, i.e., Muhammad ﷺ and his Companions."

إِلاَّ أَن يَقُولُواْ رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ

(only because they said: "Our Lord is Allah.") means, they had not done anything to their people or committed any wrongs against them, apart from the fact that they believed in the Oneness of Allah and they worshipped Him Alone, with no partner or associate. But for the idolators, this was the worst of sins, as Allah says:

يُخْرِجُونَ الرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّـكُمْ أَن تُؤْمِنُواْ بِاللَّهِ رَبِّكُمْ

(and have driven out the Messenger and yourselves because you believe in Allah, your Lord!) 60:1. Then Allah says:

وَلَوْلاَ دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُم بِبَعْضٍ

(For had it not been that Allah checks one set of people by means of another,) meaning, were it not for the fact that He repels one people by means of another, and restrains the evil of people towards others by means of whatever circumstances He creates and decrees, the earth would have been corrupted and the strong would have destroyed the weak.

لَّهُدِّمَتْ صَوَمِعُ

(Sawami` surely have been pulled down) means the small temples used by monks. This was the view of Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Abu Al-`Aliyah, `Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak and others. Qatadah said, "This refers to the places of worship of the Sabians;" according to another report, he said, "The Sawami` of the Zoroastrians." Muqatil bin Hayyan said, "These are houses along the roads."

وَبِيَعٌ

(Biya`.) These are larger than the Sawami` and accommodate more worshippers; the Christians also have these. This was the view of Abu Al-`Aliyah, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Sakhr, Muqatil bin Hayyan, Khusayf and others. Ibn Jubayr reported from Mujahid and others that this referred to the synagogues of the Jews which are known to them as Salut. And Allah knows best.

وَصَلَوَتِ

(Salawat) Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "Salawat means churches." `Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak and Qatadah said that it referred to the synagogues of the Jews. Abu Al-`Aliyah and others said, "Salawat refers to the places of worship of the Sabians." Ibn Abi Najih reported that Mujahid said, "Salawat refers to places of worship of the People of the Book and of the people of Islam along the roads." Masjids belong to the Muslims.

يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا اسمُ اللَّهِ كَثِيراً

(wherein the Name of Allah is mentioned much,) It was said that the pronoun refers to Masjids, because this is the closest of the words mentioned. Ad-Dahhak said, "In all of them the Name of Allah is often mentioned." Ibn Jarir said, "The correct view is that the monasteries of the monks, the churches of the Christians, the synagogues of the Jews and the Masjids of the Muslims, in which the Name of Allah is mentioned much, would have been destroyed -- because this is the usual usage in Arabic." Some of the scholars said, "This is a sequence listing the smallest to the greatest, because the Masjids are more frequented by more worshippers who have the correct intention and way."

وَلَيَنصُرَنَّ اللَّهُ مَن يَنصُرُهُ

(Verily, Allah will help those who help His (cause).) This is like the Ayah:

يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِن تَنصُرُواْ اللَّهَ يَنصُرْكُمْ وَيُثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَكُمْ - وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فَتَعْساً لَّهُمْ وَأَضَلَّ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ

(O you who believe! If you help (in the cause of) Allah, He will help you, and make your foothold firm. But those who disbelieve, for them is destruction, and (Allah) will make their deeds vain.) 47:7-8

إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَقَوِىٌّ عَزِيزٌ

(Truly, Allah is All-Strong, All-Mighty.) Allah describes Himself as being All-Strong and All-Mighty. By His strength He created everything and measured it exactly according to its due measurements; by His might nothing can overpower Him or overwhelm Him, rather everything is humbled before Him and is in need of Him. Whoever is supported by the All-Strong, the All-Mighty, is indeed supported and helped, and his enemy will be overpowered. Allah says:

وَلَقَدْ سَبَقَتْ كَلِمَتُنَا لِعِبَادِنَا الْمُرْسَلِينَ - إِنَّهُمْ لَهُمُ الْمَنصُورُونَ - وَإِنَّ جُندَنَا لَهُمُ الْغَـلِبُونَ

(And, verily, Our Word has gone forth of old for Our servants, the Messengers, that they verily, would be made triumphant, and that Our soldiers! They verily, would be the victors.) 37:171-173

كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لاّغْلِبَنَّ أَنَاْ وَرُسُلِى إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِىٌّ عَزِيزٌ

(Allah has decreed: "Verily, it is I and My Messengers who shall be the victorious." Verily, Allah is All-Powerful, All-Mighty.) 58:21

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Tafsir Saʿdi

English translation, public domain

+
Язычники доставляли правоверным страдания, искушали их и своими поступками вынудили их покинуть родной город. Это было величайшей несправедливостью, потому что язычники мстили правоверным только за то, что те говорили: «Наш Господь - Аллах». Они считали единственным грехом мусульман то, что они уверовали в Единственного Господа и искренне поклонялись Ему одному. И если это было грехом, то они действительно были грешниками. Всевышний сказал: «Они вымещали им только за то, что те уверовали в Аллаха Могущественного, Достохвального» (85:8). Все это свидетельствует о мудрости предписания сражаться за веру. Мусульмане ведут джихад для того, чтобы дать отпор неверующим, которые притесняют правоверных и первыми начинают притеснять их. Джихад позволяет положить конец несправедливости и враждебности со стороны неверующих и помогает правоверным открыто выполнять предписания религии. Но это было бы невозможно, если бы Аллах не наделил борцов за веру возможностью сражаться с неверующими. И тогда были бы разрушены кельи людей Писания, иудейские синагоги, христианские церкви и мусульманские мечети. В этих местах поклонения часто поминают имя Аллаха, совершают молитвы, читают Его писания и поминают Его самыми различными способами. И если бы Аллах не разрешил правоверным сражаться с неверующими, то безбожники покорили бы мусульман, разрушили бы мечети и отвратили бы верующих от правой веры. Из всего сказанного следует, что целью джихада является не просто сражение с неверующими, а противостояние агрессорам и бесчинствующим противникам. И спокойствие на мусульманских землях, где люди могут поклоняться Аллаху, строить мечети и придерживаться всех обрядов религии, является безусловной заслугой борцов за правую веру, руками которых Аллах сокрушил неверующих. Всевышний сказал: «Если бы Аллах не сдерживал одних людей посредством других, то земля пришла бы в расстройство. Однако Аллах милостив к мирам» (2:251). Кто-то может сказать, что сегодня мусульманские мечети переполнены, и никто не пытается их разрушить. Наряду с этим многие мусульманские страны представляют собой маленькие независимые государства. Казалось бы, такое возможно, если мусульмане станут сражаться с европейцами, которые живут бок о бок с ними. Однако мы видим, что во многих странах, в которых господствуют неверующие, воздвигают мечети, в которых мусульмане преспокойно поклоняются Аллаху, хотя неверующие правители этих стран могут разрушить эти мечети. Аллах сказал, что если бы правоверные не защищались от неверующих, то места поклонения были бы разрушены. Почему же мы не видим никакого противостояния? Дело в том, что обсуждаемый нами аят имеет общий смысл, тогда как данная ситуация является частным случаем. Каждому человеку, который знаком с государственным устройством современных стран, известно, что они признают представителей любых религиозных конфессий и национальностей гражданами своего государства, на которых распространяются законы этого государства. Каждый гражданин считается частью общества, и это относится к представителям любых религиозных конфессий, независимо от их численности, умения, богатства, образования или занятости. Немусульманские государства заботятся о религиозных и мирских интересах своих граждан и опасаются того, что несоблюдение этих интересов приведет к упадку их государственных устоев и нарушению узаконенных ими принципов. Именно поэтому правительство этих государств создает условия для того, чтобы его граждане исповедовали религию, и даже строит мечети, которые - хвала Аллаху! - находятся в полном порядке даже в столицах крупных немусульманских государств. Эти независимые государства проявляют заботу об интересах граждан, которые являются мусульманами, потому что между христианскими государствами существуют взаимная вражда и зависть, которые, по свидетельству Аллаха, сохранятся вплоть до наступления Дня воскресения. Благодаря этому мусульманским странам, которые сегодня не способны самостоятельно отстаивать собственные интересы, удается уберечься от вреда враждебно настроенных государств. Между ними царят взаимная зависть и разногласия, и поэтому ни одно вражеское государство не решается напасть на мусульман, опасаясь того, что другое крупное государство встанет на сторону мусульман. Однако Всевышний Аллах все равно непременно поможет исламу и мусульманам восторжествовать, как это было обещано нам в Священном Коране. Хвала Аллаху, сегодня мусульмане осознали, что для торжества религии они обязаны вернуться в лоно истинного ислама. А сознательный подход является основой любого начинания, и поэтому мы восхваляем Аллаха и просим Его и впредь осенять нас милостью. Он помогает тому, кто помогает Ему, и это правдивое обещание полностью соответствует действительности. Для того чтобы помогать Ему, мусульманин должен искренне ради Него отстаивать интересы религии и даже сражаться на этом поприще, дабы прославить имя Аллаха, среди прекрасных имен которого - Сильный, Могущественный. Его сила совершенна, а могущество безгранично. Все творения подвластны и покорны Ему. Возрадуйтесь же, мусульмане! Ваша численность мала, ваши возможности ограниченны, а ваши противники очень сильны. Но зато у вас есть Сильный и Могущественный Покровитель, Который сотворил вас и ваши деяния и на которого вы уповаете. Повинуйтесь Ему и молите Его о помощи, и Он непременно окажет вам помощь и одарит вас победой. Всевышний сказал: «О те, которые уверовали! Если вы поможете Аллаху, то и Он поможет вам и утвердит ваши стопы» (47:7). О мусульмане! Исповедуйте правильные воззрения и совершайте праведные дела, ибо гласит Коран: «Аллах обещал тем из вас, которые уверовали и совершали праведные деяния, что Он непременно сделает их наместниками на земле, подобно тому, как Он сделал наместниками тех, кто был до них. Он непременно одарит их возможностью исповедовать их религию, которую Он одобрил для них, и сменит их страх на безопасность. Они поклоняются Мне и не приобщают сотоварищей ко Мне» (24:55). Затем Аллах упомянул о качествах, которыми обладают те, кто помогает Ему. Этих праведников можно узнать по этим отличительным признакам. Но если человек утверждает, что он помогает Аллаху и Его религии, но не обладает этими качествами, то он - лжец. Всевышний сказал:

Maʿārif al-Qur'ān

Mufti Shafi Usmani, English

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The philosophy behind Jihad and war against the infidels

وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ اللَّـهِ النَّاسَ (And had Allah not repelled some people by means of some others... - 22:40) Had Allah not repelled some people by means of some others, the monasteries, the churches, the synagogues and the mosques where the name of Allah is recited abundantly would have been demolished. The command to take up arms against the unbelievers is nothing new, because the earlier prophets and their followers had received similar orders from Allah Ta’ ala and the philosophy behind this command was that without armed resistance no religion would have felt safe and their places of worship would have been destroyed by the infidels.

There have been many religions which were founded on the worship of one God and built up by means of Wahy (Divine revelations). In course of time their basics were changed and so many alterations were introduced in them that they turned into unbelief and polytheism. But before these things happened, they were true religions and it was the duty of their followers to respect and defend their places of worship. This verse refers to such places of worship only and does not include the sacred places of those religions which were not founded on prophethood and revelation (such as the fire-worshiping Magians, or the idol-worshiping Hindus) because they were at no time considered places deserving of respect.

In this verse صَوَامِعُ is the plural of صَوَمِعُہ ، which means a monastery which is a place of worship meant for Christian monks and hermits بِيَعٌ is the plural of بِیعَۃ ، which means a Christian church, and صَلَوَاتٌ is the plural of صلُوت ، which means a Jewish synagogue. And of course مَسَاجِدُ is the place of worship of the Muslims.

The meaning of this verse is that if at different times the believers had not been permitted to fight the infidels, no true religion would have felt secure and at different times during the periods of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) ، Sayyidna ` Isa (علیہ السلام) and the Holy Prophet ﷺ the places of worship of their respective religions would have been destroyed. (Qurtubi)

Tafsīr sourced from quran.com's open API. These are classical commentaries; for personal rulings consult a qualified scholar.

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