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Medinan · Surah 2 of 114

Al-Baqara 2:258

The Cow · ayah 258 of 286

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِى حَآجَّ إِبْرَٰهِۦمَ فِى رَبِّهِۦٓ أَنْ ءَاتَىٰهُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْمُلْكَ إِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَٰهِۦمُ رَبِّىَ ٱلَّذِى يُحْىِۦ وَيُمِيتُ قَالَ أَنَا۠ أُحْىِۦ وَأُمِيتُ ۖ قَالَ إِبْرَٰهِۦمُ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَأْتِى بِٱلشَّمْسِ مِنَ ٱلْمَشْرِقِ فَأْتِ بِهَا مِنَ ٱلْمَغْرِبِ فَبُهِتَ ٱلَّذِى كَفَرَ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِى ٱلْقَوْمَ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ

Alam tara ila allathee hajjaibraheema fee rabbihi an atahu Allahualmulka ith qala ibraheemu rabbiya allatheeyuhyee wayumeetu qala ana ohyeewaomeetu qala ibraheemu fa-inna Allahaya/tee bishshamsi mina almashriqi fa/ti biha minaalmaghribi fabuhita allathee kafara wallahula yahdee alqawma aththalimeen

"Have you not considered the one who argued with Abraham about his Lord [merely] because Allāh had given him kingship? When Abraham said, "My Lord is the one who gives life and causes death," he said, "I give life and cause death." Abraham said, "Indeed, Allāh brings up the sun from the east, so bring it up from the west." So the disbeliever was overwhelmed [by astonishment], and Allāh does not guide the wrongdoing people."

Saheeh International translation

Recitation by Mishary Alafasy
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Other English translations

Abdel Haleem (Oxford)+

"[Prophet], have you not thought about the man who disputed with Abraham about his Lord, because God had given him power to rule? When Abraham said, ‘It is my Lord who gives life and death,’ he said, ‘I too give life and death.’ So Abraham said, ‘God brings the sun from the east; so bring it from the west.’ The disbeliever was dumbfounded: God does not guide those who do evil."

Pickthall (classic)+

"Bethink thee of him who had an argument with Abraham about his Lord, because Allah had given him the kingdom; how, when Abraham said: My Lord is He Who giveth life and causeth death, he answered: I give life and cause death. Abraham said: Lo! Allah causeth the sun to rise in the East, so do thou cause it to come up from the West. Thus was the disbeliever abashed. And Allah guideth not wrongdoing folk."

Yusuf Ali (classic)+

"Hast thou not Turned thy vision to one who disputed with Abraham About his Lord, because Allah had granted him power? Abraham said: "My Lord is He Who Giveth life and death." He said: "I give life and death". Said Abraham: "But it is Allah that causeth the sun to rise from the east: Do thou then cause him to rise from the West." Thus was he confounded who (in arrogance) rejected faith. Nor doth Allah Give guidance to a people unjust."

Tafsīr · classical commentary

Ibn Kathir

Abridged English, public domain

+

The Debate Between Ibrahim Al-Khalil and King Nimrod

The king who disputed with Ibrahim was King Nimrod, son of Canaan, son of Kush, son of Sam, son of Noah, as Mujahid stated. It was also said that he was Nimrod, son of Falikh, son of `Abir, son of Shalikh, son of Arfakhshand, son of Sam, son of Noah. Mujahid said, "The kings who ruled the eastern and western parts of the world are four, two believers and two disbelievers. As for the two believing kings, they were Sulayman bin Dawud and Dhul-Qarnayn. As for the two disbelieving kings, they were Nimrod and Nebuchadnezzar." Allah knows best.

Allah said,

أَلَمْ تَرَ

(Have you not looked) meaning, "With your heart, O Muhammad!"

إِلَى الَّذِى حَآجَّ إِبْرَهِيمَ فِى رِبِّهِ

(at him who disputed with Ibrahim about his Lord) meaning, about the existence of Allah. Nimrod denied the existence of a god other than himself, as he claimed, just as Fir`awn said later to his people,

مَا عَلِمْتُ لَكُمْ مِّنْ إِلَـهٍ غَيْرِى

(I know not that you have a god other than me) 28:38.

What made Nimrod commit this transgression, utter disbelief and arrant rebellion was his tyranny and the fact that he ruled for a long time. This is why the Ayah continued,

أَنْ آتَـهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ

(Because Allah had given him the kingdom. )

It appears that Nimrod asked Ibrahim to produce proof that Allah exists. Ibrahim replied,

رَبِّيَ الَّذِى يُحْىِ وَيُمِيتُ

(My Lord is He Who gives life and causes death) meaning, "The proof of Allah's existence is the creations that exist after they were nothing and perish after they had existed. This only proves the existence of the Creator, Who does what He wills, for these things could not have occurred on their own without a Creator who created them, and He is the Lord that I call to for worship, Alone without a partner."

This is when Nimrod said,

أَنَا أُحْىِ وَأُمِيتُ

(I give life and cause death.)

Qatadah, Muhammad bin Ishaq and As-Suddi said that he meant, "Two men who deserved execution were to be brought before me, and I would command that one of them be killed, and he would be killed. I would command that the second man be pardoned, and he would be pardoned. This is how I bring life and death." However, it appears that since Nimrod did not deny the existence of a Creator, his statement did not mean what Qatadah said it meant. This explanation does not provide an answer to what Ibrahim said. Nimrod arrogantly and defiantly claimed that he was the creator and pretended that it was he who brings life and death. Later on, Fir`awn imitated him and announced,

مَا عَلِمْتُ لَكُمْ مِّنْ إِلَـهٍ غَيْرِى

(I know not that you have a god other than me) 28: 38.

This is why Ibrahim said to Nimrod,

فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْتِى بِالشَّمْسِ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ فَأْتِ بِهَا مِنَ الْمَغْرِبِ

(Verily, Allah brings the sun from the east; then bring it you from the west.)

This Ayah means, "You claim that it is you who brings life and death. He who brings life and death controls the existence and creates whatever is in it, including controlling its planets and their movements. For instance, the sun rises everyday from the east. Therefore, if you were god, as you claimed, bringing life and death, then bring the sun from the west." Since the king was aware of his weakness, inadequacy and that he was not able to reply to Ibrahim's request, he was idle, silent and unable to comment. Therefore, the proof was established against him. Allah said,

وَاللَّهُ لاَ يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الظَّـلِمِينَ

(And Allah guides not the people, who are wrongdoers) meaning, Allah deprives the unjust people of any valid proof or argument. Furthermore, their false proof and arguments are annulled by their Lord, and they have earned His anger and will suffer severe torment.

The meaning that we provided is better than the meaning that some philosophers offered, claiming that Ibrahim used the second argument because it was clearer than the first one. Rather, our explanation asserts that Ibrahim refuted both claims of Nimrod, all praise is due to Allah.

As-Suddi stated that the debate between Ibrahim and Nimrod occurred after Ibrahim was thrown in the fire, for Ibrahim did not meet the king before that day.

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Tafsir Saʿdi

English translation, public domain

+
Аллах рассказал нам истории некоторых предыдущих пророков, потому что они разъясняют истину и содержат различные доказательства истинности единобожия. В этой коранической истории Всевышний сообщил о том, как Его возлюбленный посланник Ибрахим препирался с деспотичным правителем Вавилонии Нимрудом, отрицавшим существование Господа миров и оспаривавшим истину, в которой нельзя усомниться. Факт сотворения и управления Вселенной одним Аллахом является очевидным и бесспорным, однако деспотичный правитель был настолько обольщен своей властью, что отрицал эту истину и даже препирался по этому поводу с великим посланником Аллаха Ибрахимом, которого Аллах одарил знаниями и убежденностью, коих не был удостоен ни один другой Божий посланник, кроме Пророка Мухаммада, да благословит его Аллах и приветствует. Отстаивая свою точку зрения, Ибрахим заявил, что Аллах - Единственный, Кто создает творения и управляет Вселенной, дарует жизнь и посылает смерть. Он упомянул о жизни и смерти, потому что это - самые яркие проявления власти Аллаха над творениями. В ответ тиран самодовольно заявил, что он тоже дарует жизнь и смерть. Он имел в виду, что может казнить и миловать, кого пожелает, хотя совершенно ясно, что посредством таких доводов он лишь пытался ввести людей в заблуждение и уклониться от поставленного перед ним вопроса. А суть его заключалась в том, что Всевышний Аллах - Единственный, Кто создает живое из небытия и превращает живое в мертвое, Кто умерщвляет Своих рабов и животных, когда истекает их жизненный срок, посредством созданных для этого причин или без какой-либо причины. Когда Ибрахим увидел, что тиран пускает пыль в глаза и провозглашает ложь, которая может пользоваться спросом среди невежественного народа, он решил представить ему довод, с которым тот будет вынужден согласиться. Он заявил, что Аллах заставляет солнце восходить на востоке, и если заявления Нимруда действительно правдивы, то пусть он заставит солнце взойти на западе. Эти слова обескуражили тирана, заставили его замолчать и развеяли сомнения, которые он пытался посеять. Возлюбленный Аллаха Ибрахим, упомянув второй довод, не отказался от первого. Своими словами он лишь попытался окончательно убедить Нимруда, опровергнуть его слова, привести ему аргумент, который невозможно исказить или перефразировать. Священные предания, логические аргументы и человеческое естество - все эти доводы свидетельствуют об истинности единобожия и подтверждают то, что Аллах один сотворил Вселенную и управляет Своими творениями. Они свидетельствуют о том, что только Аллах, обладающий перечисленными выше качествами, заслуживает поклонения. Все пророки и посланники единодушно проповедовали этот важный принцип, отрицают который только упрямцы и надменные гордецы, подобные деспотичному Нимруду, и это также свидетельствует о справедливости единобожия.

Maʿārif al-Qur'ān

Mufti Shafi Usmani, English

+

The verse refers to Namrud نمرود ، the emperor of Babylon, who denied the very existence of God and had a debate with Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) on this issue. Allah has given him political power over a large territory. He should have been grateful to his Lord. But, on the contrary, his political power inflated him with pride and arrogance; he started denying the very existence of Him. It is in this context that the Holy Qur'an says: 'the one who argued with Ibrahim about his Lord, because Allah had given him kingship."

In the course of argument, he asked Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) about the basic attributes of God. He replied, "My Lord is the One who gives life and brings death." The foolish king did not understand the real nature of 'giving life' and 'bringing death.' Therefore, he argued that he, too, can kill anyone through his order and bring thereby death to him and can also let off a person sentenced to death and give thereby life to him. Obviously, his argument was totally absurd, because 'giving life' means to give life to something lifeless56.

56. And 'bringing death' means power which may remove the life from every living creature without a necessary intervention of an apparent cause.

When Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) felt that his addressee is unable to understand the real nature of 'giving life' and 'bringing death,' he switched over to another argument and said, "Allah brings the sun out from the East, now, you bring it out from the West." Here the king was baffled and could not answer the Abrahimic argument. But even after the truth became clear to him, he did not accept the guidance. Hence the Qur'anic statement: "And Allah does not put the unjust people on the right path."

Injunctions and related considerations

1. It is evident from the words used in the verse that if an infidel is given political power or a high worldly status, there is no harm (for a Muslim) in referring to him as a holder of that position (Qurtubi).

2. The verse also affirms the permissibility of having debate with such an infidel in order to manifest the difference between right and wrong.

3. Some people doubt the validity of the last argument of Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) ، because Namrud نمرود could have refuted it by a counter demand from Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) and could have said, "If there is a God, let Him bring the sun out from the West."

But it is obvious that he could not come out with this counter-demand. The reason is that as soon as he heard the argument, he came to the conclusion that (he himself or anybody else cannot bring out the sun from the East or the West and) it is surely a divine function which proves the existence of God. And once it is proved that it is God who brings the sun out from the East, it necessarily follows from it that He has the power to bring it out from the West also. The king also came to the conclusion that Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) ، ac is the messenger of Allah, and if the prayed Allah to bring out the sun from the. West, Allah will do it, in which case such a miraculous event may bring a revolution against him and he may be deprived of his kingdom. Therefore, he did not make such a demand and having no other answer, was baffled with the argument. (Bayin al-Qur'an)

Tafsīr sourced from quran.com's open API. These are classical commentaries; for personal rulings consult a qualified scholar.

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